适用于 Windows、Linux、MacOS X 的跨平台脚本
声明：本页面是StackOverFlow热门问题的中英对照翻译，遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议，如果您需要使用它，必须同样遵循CC BY-SA许可，注明原文地址和作者信息，同时你必须将它归于原作者（不是我）：StackOverFlow
原文地址: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2637214/
Warning: these are provided under cc-by-sa 4.0 license. You are free to use/share it, But you must attribute it to the original authors (not me):
StackOverFlow
cross-platform scripting for windows, Linux, MacOS X
提问by KarolDepka
I'm looking for cross-platform scripting (language) for windows, Linux, MacOS X.
I'm tired of .bat / bash .
I would like to do things like for example ,,lock workstation'' at automatic login (I had this in X-Window but the solution was pretty ugly; now, I would like that on MS Windows and not that ugly :-) ).
Generally: automate tasks.
Or would I be better off with Windows Scripting Host?
PowerShell also comes to mind, but that's seems to Windows-only for my taste.
Can languages like Python, Ruby, (Java?) interact (elegantly? sensibly?) with WSH?
Also things like DBUS, DCOM, etc come to mind as part of the picture.
Currently I use a mixture of Java, .bat, bash, Ruby, Scala; some VBA for Excel. Which sometimes gets pretty ugly.
I would like a cross-platform general solution with/using ,,native'' parts close to OS-specifics. Like e.g. Ruby driving some Windows-specific stuff (just a guess).
What do You use?
TIA
我正在寻找适用于 Windows、Linux、MacOS X 的跨平台脚本（语言）。我厌倦了 .bat / bash 。
我想做一些事情，例如，在自动登录时锁定工作站（我在 X-Window 中有这个，但解决方案非常难看；现在，我希望在 MS Windows 上这样做，而不是那么难看 :-)） .
一般：自动化任务。
还是使用 Windows Scripting Host 会更好？
PowerShell 也出现在我的脑海中，但这似乎是 Windows 的唯一符合我的口味。像 Python、Ruby、（Java？）这样的语言可以（优雅地？明智地？）与 WSH 交互吗？
DBUS、DCOM 等也作为图片的一部分浮现在脑海中。
目前我混合使用 Java、.bat、bash、Ruby、Scala；一些用于 Excel 的 VBA。这有时会变得非常难看。
我想要一个跨平台的通用解决方案，其中包含/使用接近操作系统特定的 ,,native'' 部分。就像 Ruby 驱动一些特定于 Windows 的东西一样（只是猜测）。
你用什么？
TIA
采纳答案by Tomislav Nakic-Alfirevic
I think you're juggling on the edge of contradictory: you would like platform-independent (commendable) but also "close to OS specifics".
我认为您在矛盾的边缘徘徊：您想要独立于平台（值得称赞）但也“接近操作系统细节”。
If, however, you put a bit more emphasis on platform independence, I've been entertaining the idea of using groovy (a more java-friendly relative of ruby) for general purpose scripting. When you need it, you get OS-specific behaviour by invoking OS shell commands.
但是，如果您更加强调平台独立性，那么我一直在考虑使用 groovy（一种对 Java 更友好的 ruby 亲戚）进行通用脚本编写的想法。当您需要它时，您可以通过调用 OS shell 命令获得特定于操作系统的行为。
My motivation is a bit different: I find groovy code to be more robust than that of bash, although I too will need a good multi-platform scripting tool for a project I'm developing.
我的动机有点不同：我发现 groovy 代码比 bash 更健壮，尽管我也需要一个好的多平台脚本工具来开发我正在开发的项目。
回答by Norman Ramsey
I'm a huge fan of Lua:
我是Lua 的忠实粉丝：
Syntax is vaguely Pascal-like and works well in scripts.
Superb power-to-weight ratio. Superb engineering. Very good design.
Extremely portable to any platform with an ANSI C compiler.
GUI support through wxLua and other bindings
Some support for hiding OS differences in common tasks, e.g., the Lua File System add-on
The core system and libraries are simple enough that you can understand allof what you're using, but still have excellent leverage compared to bash/bat. Expressive power is comparable to Python or Ruby.
You're not overwhelmed with libraries and frameworks, which can be a plus or a minus.
There is an excellentbook: Roberto Ierusalimschy's Programming in Lua; you can get the previous edition free online.
Performance beats tcl, perl, python, ruby
For even faster performance on x86 hardware, there is LuaJIT.
Finally, and this is the ace in the hole: if you run into any kind of platform-specific problem, it is easyto write platform-specific C code and load it into a Lua script dynamically. Lua was designed with this task in mind and does it extremely well. You can also easily dip into C for performance (e.g., compute MD5 checksum).
语法有点像 Pascal 并且在脚本中运行良好。
出色的功率重量比。精湛的工程。非常好的设计。
可移植到任何带有 ANSI C 编译器的平台。
通过 wxLua 和其他绑定支持 GUI
一些支持隐藏常见任务中的操作系统差异，例如 Lua 文件系统附加组件
核心系统和库足够简单，您可以理解您使用的所有内容，但与 bash/bat 相比仍然具有出色的影响力。表达能力可与 Python 或 Ruby 相媲美。
您不会被库和框架所淹没，这可能是有利的，也可能是不利的。
有一本很棒的书：Roberto Ierusalimschy 的 Programming in Lua；您可以在线免费获得以前的版本。
性能胜过 tcl、perl、python、ruby
为了在 x86 硬件上获得更快的性能，有 LuaJIT。
最后，这是洞中的王牌：如果您遇到任何特定于平台的问题，很容易编写特定于平台的 C 代码并将其动态加载到 Lua 脚本中。Lua 在设计时就考虑到了这个任务，并且做得非常好。您还可以轻松地使用 C 来提高性能（例如，计算 MD5 校验和）。
Over the last 3 to 5 years, I have been gradually migrating scripts from bash/ksh/awk/sed/grep/perl into Lua. I have been veryhappy with the results.
在过去的 3 到 5 年里，我逐渐将脚本从 bash/ksh/awk/sed/grep/perl 迁移到 Lua。我对结果非常满意。
回答by PiedPiper
Perl and Python are both available on almost every platform
Perl 和 Python 几乎在所有平台上都可用
回答by Simon Hartcher
回答by Tiberiu Ana
You could write your scripts in Tcl.
您可以在Tcl 中编写脚本。
the syntax is simple and closer to what you'd expect from a script;
it is cross-platform, and will run on all major platforms;
you can easily create simple GUIs for your scripts in Tk, which will also work everywhere and use native controls;
for the Windows-specific functions, you can use Twapi(Win32 API bindings).
you can install a Tclkit, which is a single file that is the whole Tcl distribution. There's no lengthy install process or hidden files or mysterious directories;
- you can easily put a linux, windows and mac runtime on a single flash drive so you always have an interpreter handy even if there's not one installed locally.
语法很简单，更接近你对脚本的期望；
它是跨平台的，将在所有主要平台上运行；
您可以轻松地在 Tk 中为您的脚本创建简单的 GUI，它也可以在任何地方使用并使用本机控件；
对于 Windows 特定的功能，您可以使用Twapi（Win32 API 绑定）。
你可以安装一个 Tclkit，它是一个单独的文件，它是整个 Tcl 发行版。没有冗长的安装过程或隐藏文件或神秘目录；
- 您可以轻松地将 linux、windows 和 mac 运行时放在一个闪存驱动器上，这样即使本地没有安装解释器，您也始终可以方便地使用解释器。
回答by Jonas Elfstr?m
Like e.g. Ruby driving some Windows-specific stuff
就像 Ruby 驱动一些特定于 Windows 的东西
It certainly canand on the Ruby on Windowsblog you can find lots of examples also there's a chapter in the Pickaxe book and in the humbleone.
它当然可以，并且在Ruby on Windows博客上，您可以找到很多示例，在 Pickaxe 书中也有一章和简陋的一章。
回答by Simeon
I would use C# with Mono.
我会将 C# 与 Mono 一起使用。
回答by vlp
there is possibility for UNIX and UNIX like platforms in shell, but I don`t think that this what you are asking for is possible in any scripting language because of windows.
有可能在 shell 中使用 UNIX 和 UNIX 之类的平台，但我认为由于 Windows，您所要求的在任何脚本语言中都不可能。
For UNIX systems you can use this:
对于 UNIX 系统，您可以使用它：
#!/bin/sh
TYPE=`uname`;
echo 'this is ' ${TYPE};
if [ ${TYPE} = HP-UX ]
then bdf /var;
elif [ ${TYPE} = Linux ]
then df -h /var;
elif [ ${TYPE} = FreeBSD ]
then df -k /var;
else echo "Unsupported OS - ${TYPE}"
fi
I hope it will help you!
我希望它会帮助你！
回答by Nosk
Not sure if you still need it, but if so, try ant ( http://ant.apache.org/). It's a cross platform "script language". Basically, a ant file is a xml file interpreted by a JVM programm.
不确定您是否仍然需要它，但如果需要，请尝试 ant ( http://ant.apache.org/)。它是一种跨平台的“脚本语言”。基本上，ant 文件是由 JVM 程序解释的 xml 文件。
