pandas 如何从包含列表的熊猫列进行单热编码？
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How to one-hot-encode from a pandas column containing a list?
提问by Melsauce
I would like to break down a pandas column consisting of a list of elements into as many columns as there are unique elements i.e. one-hot-encodethem (with value 1representing a given element existing in a row and 0in the case of absence).
我想将包含元素列表的 Pandas 列分解为与唯一元素（即one-hot-encode它们）一样多的列（值1表示存在于一行0中的给定元素，并且在不存在的情况下）。
For example, taking dataframe df
例如，取数据帧df
Col1 Col2 Col3
C 33 [Apple, Orange, Banana]
A 2.5 [Apple, Grape]
B 42 [Banana]
I would like to convert this to:
我想将其转换为：
df
df
Col1 Col2 Apple Orange Banana Grape
C 33 1 1 1 0
A 2.5 1 0 0 1
B 42 0 0 1 0
How can I use pandas/sklearn to achieve this?
如何使用 pandas/sklearn 来实现这一目标？
回答by MaxU
We can also use sklearn.preprocessing.MultiLabelBinarizer:
我们也可以使用sklearn.preprocessing.MultiLabelBinarizer：
from sklearn.preprocessing import MultiLabelBinarizer
mlb = MultiLabelBinarizer()
df = df.join(pd.DataFrame(mlb.fit_transform(df.pop('Col3')),
columns=mlb.classes_,
index=df.index))
Result:
结果：
In [77]: df
Out[77]:
Col1 Col2 Apple Banana Grape Orange
0 C 33.0 1 1 0 1
1 A 2.5 1 0 1 0
2 B 42.0 0 1 0 0
回答by piRSquared
Option 1
Short Answerpir_slow
选项 1
简答pir_slow
df.drop('Col3', 1).join(df.Col3.str.join('|').str.get_dummies())
Col1 Col2 Apple Banana Grape Orange
0 C 33.0 1 1 0 1
1 A 2.5 1 0 1 0
2 B 42.0 0 1 0 0
Option 2
Fast Answerpir_fast
选项 2
快速回答pir_fast
v = df.Col3.values
l = [len(x) for x in v.tolist()]
f, u = pd.factorize(np.concatenate(v))
n, m = len(v), u.size
i = np.arange(n).repeat(l)
dummies = pd.DataFrame(
np.bincount(i * m + f, minlength=n * m).reshape(n, m),
df.index, u
)
df.drop('Col3', 1).join(dummies)
Col1 Col2 Apple Orange Banana Grape
0 C 33.0 1 1 1 0
1 A 2.5 1 0 0 1
2 B 42.0 0 0 1 0
Option 3pir_alt1
选项 3pir_alt1
df.drop('Col3', 1).join(
pd.get_dummies(
pd.DataFrame(df.Col3.tolist()).stack()
).astype(int).sum(level=0)
)
Col1 Col2 Apple Orange Banana Grape
0 C 33.0 1 1 1 0
1 A 2.5 1 0 0 1
2 B 42.0 0 0 1 0
Timing Results
Code Below
下面的时序结果
代码
def maxu(df):
mlb = MultiLabelBinarizer()
d = pd.DataFrame(
mlb.fit_transform(df.Col3.values)
, df.index, mlb.classes_
)
return df.drop('Col3', 1).join(d)
def bos(df):
return df.drop('Col3', 1).assign(**pd.get_dummies(df.Col3.apply(lambda x:pd.Series(x)).stack().reset_index(level=1,drop=True)).sum(level=0))
def psi(df):
return pd.concat([
df.drop("Col3", 1),
df.Col3.apply(lambda x: pd.Series(1, x)).fillna(0)
], axis=1)
def alex(df):
return df[['Col1', 'Col2']].assign(**{fruit: [1 if fruit in cell else 0 for cell in df.Col3]
for fruit in set(fruit for fruits in df.Col3
for fruit in fruits)})
def pir_slow(df):
return df.drop('Col3', 1).join(df.Col3.str.join('|').str.get_dummies())
def pir_alt1(df):
return df.drop('Col3', 1).join(pd.get_dummies(pd.DataFrame(df.Col3.tolist()).stack()).astype(int).sum(level=0))
def pir_fast(df):
v = df.Col3.values
l = [len(x) for x in v.tolist()]
f, u = pd.factorize(np.concatenate(v))
n, m = len(v), u.size
i = np.arange(n).repeat(l)
dummies = pd.DataFrame(
np.bincount(i * m + f, minlength=n * m).reshape(n, m),
df.index, u
)
return df.drop('Col3', 1).join(dummies)
results = pd.DataFrame(
index=(1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000, 3000),
columns='maxu bos psi alex pir_slow pir_fast pir_alt1'.split()
)
for i in results.index:
d = pd.concat([df] * i, ignore_index=True)
for j in results.columns:
stmt = '{}(d)'.format(j)
setp = 'from __main__ import d, {}'.format(j)
results.set_value(i, j, timeit(stmt, setp, number=10))
回答by Scott Boston
Use get_dummies:
使用get_dummies：
df_out = df.assign(**pd.get_dummies(df.Col3.apply(lambda x:pd.Series(x)).stack().reset_index(level=1,drop=True)).sum(level=0))
Output:
输出：
Col1 Col2 Col3 Apple Banana Grape Orange
0 C 33.0 [Apple, Orange, Banana] 1 1 0 1
1 A 2.5 [Apple, Grape] 1 0 1 0
2 B 42.0 [Banana] 0 1 0 0
Cleanup column:
清理列：
df_out.drop('Col3',axis=1)
Output:
输出：
Col1 Col2 Apple Banana Grape Orange
0 C 33.0 1 1 0 1
1 A 2.5 1 0 1 0
2 B 42.0 0 1 0 0
回答by Psidom
You can loop through Col3with applyand convert each element into a Series with the list as the index which become the header in the result data frame:
你可以通过循环Col3带apply，并且每个元素转换成一系列与列表作为成为在结果数据帧报头中的索引：
pd.concat([
df.drop("Col3", 1),
df.Col3.apply(lambda x: pd.Series(1, x)).fillna(0)
], axis=1)
#Col1 Col2 Apple Banana Grape Orange
#0 C 33.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0
#1 A 2.5 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0
#2 B 42.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0
回答by Alexander
You can get all unique fruits in Col3using set comprehension as follows:
Col3使用集合理解可以获得所有独特的果实，如下所示：
set(fruit for fruits in df.Col3 for fruit in fruits)
Using a dictionary comprehension, you can then go through each unique fruit and see if it is in the column.
使用字典理解，然后您可以浏览每个独特的水果，看看它是否在列中。
>>> df[['Col1', 'Col2']].assign(**{fruit: [1 if fruit in cell else 0 for cell in df.Col3]
for fruit in set(fruit for fruits in df.Col3
for fruit in fruits)})
Col1 Col2 Apple Banana Grape Orange
0 C 33.0 1 1 0 1
1 A 2.5 1 0 1 0
2 B 42.0 0 1 0 0
Timings
时间安排
dfs = pd.concat([df] * 1000) # Use 3,000 rows in the dataframe.
# Solution 1 by @Alexander (me)
%%timeit -n 1000
dfs[['Col1', 'Col2']].assign(**{fruit: [1 if fruit in cell else 0 for cell in dfs.Col3]
for fruit in set(fruit for fruits in dfs.Col3 for fruit in fruits)})
# 10 loops, best of 3: 4.57 ms per loop
# Solution 2 by @Psidom
%%timeit -n 1000
pd.concat([
dfs.drop("Col3", 1),
dfs.Col3.apply(lambda x: pd.Series(1, x)).fillna(0)
], axis=1)
# 10 loops, best of 3: 748 ms per loop
# Solution 3 by @MaxU
from sklearn.preprocessing import MultiLabelBinarizer
mlb = MultiLabelBinarizer()
%%timeit -n 10
dfs.join(pd.DataFrame(mlb.fit_transform(dfs.Col3),
columns=mlb.classes_,
index=dfs.index))
# 10 loops, best of 3: 283 ms per loop
# Solution 4 by @ScottBoston
%%timeit -n 10
df_out = dfs.assign(**pd.get_dummies(dfs.Col3.apply(lambda x:pd.Series(x)).stack().reset_index(level=1,drop=True)).sum(level=0))
# 10 loops, best of 3: 512 ms per loop
But...
>>> print(df_out.head())
Col1 Col2 Col3 Apple Banana Grape Orange
0 C 33.0 [Apple, Orange, Banana] 1000 1000 0 1000
1 A 2.5 [Apple, Grape] 1000 0 1000 0
2 B 42.0 [Banana] 0 1000 0 0
0 C 33.0 [Apple, Orange, Banana] 1000 1000 0 1000
1 A 2.5 [Apple, Grape] 1000 0 1000 0
