Linux 如何获取后台进程的进程ID？
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How to get process ID of background process?
提问by Volodymyr Bezuglyy
I start a background process from my shell script, and I would like to kill this process when my script finishes.
我从我的 shell 脚本启动了一个后台进程，我想在我的脚本完成时终止这个进程。
How to get the PID of this process from my shell script? As far as I can see variable $!contains the PID of the current script, not the background process.
如何从我的 shell 脚本中获取这个进程的 PID？据我所知，变量$!包含当前脚本的 PID，而不是后台进程。
采纳答案by camh
You need to save the PID of the background process at the time you start it:
您需要在启动时保存后台进程的PID：
foo &
FOO_PID=$!
# do other stuff
kill $FOO_PID
You cannot use job control, since that is an interactive feature and tied to a controlling terminal. A script will not necessarily have a terminal attached at all so job control will not necessarily be available.
您不能使用作业控制，因为这是一个交互功能并绑定到控制终端。脚本不一定有终端连接，因此作业控制不一定可用。
回答by jldupont
You can use the jobs -lcommand to get to a particular jobL
您可以使用该jobs -l命令获取特定作业L
^Z
[1]+ Stopped guard
my_mac:workspace r$ jobs -l
[1]+ 46841 Suspended: 18 guard
In this case, 46841 is the PID.
在这种情况下，46841 是 PID。
From help jobs:
来自help jobs：
-l Report the process group ID and working directory of the jobs.
-l 报告作业的进程组 ID 和工作目录。
jobs -pis another option which shows just the PIDs.
jobs -p是另一种仅显示 PID 的选项。
回答by catwalk
$$is the current script's pid$!is the pid of the last background process
$$是当前脚本的pid$!是最后一个后台进程的pid
Here's a sample transcript from a bash session (%1refers to the ordinal number of background process as seen from jobs):
这是 bash 会话的示例记录（%1指从 中看到的后台进程的序号jobs）：
$ echo $$
3748
$ sleep 100 &
[1] 192
$ echo $!
192
$ kill %1
[1]+ Terminated sleep 100
回答by villaa
You might also be able to use pstree:
您也许还可以使用 pstree：
pstree -p user
This typically gives a text representation of all the processes for the "user" and the -p option gives the process-id. It does not depend, as far as I understand, on having the processes be owned by the current shell. It also shows forks.
这通常为“用户”提供所有进程的文本表示，并且 -p 选项提供进程 ID。据我所知，它不依赖于让当前 shell 拥有进程。它还显示叉子。
回答by Luis Ramirez
this is what I have done. Check it out, hope it can help.
这就是我所做的。看看吧，希望能帮到你。
#!/bin/bash
#
# So something to show.
echo "UNO" > UNO.txt
echo "DOS" > DOS.txt
#
# Initialize Pid List
dPidLst=""
#
# Generate background processes
tail -f UNO.txt&
dPidLst="$dPidLst $!"
tail -f DOS.txt&
dPidLst="$dPidLst $!"
#
# Report process IDs
echo PID=$$
echo dPidLst=$dPidLst
#
# Show process on current shell
ps -f
#
# Start killing background processes from list
for dPid in $dPidLst
do
echo killing $dPid. Process is still there.
ps | grep $dPid
kill $dPid
ps | grep $dPid
echo Just ran "'"ps"'" command, $dPid must not show again.
done
Then just run it as: ./bgkill.shwith proper permissions of course
然后只需将其运行为：./bgkill.sh当然具有适当的权限
root@umsstd22 [P]:~# ./bgkill.sh
PID=23757
dPidLst= 23758 23759
UNO
DOS
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 3937 3935 0 11:07 pts/5 00:00:00 -bash
root 23757 3937 0 11:55 pts/5 00:00:00 /bin/bash ./bgkill.sh
root 23758 23757 0 11:55 pts/5 00:00:00 tail -f UNO.txt
root 23759 23757 0 11:55 pts/5 00:00:00 tail -f DOS.txt
root 23760 23757 0 11:55 pts/5 00:00:00 ps -f
killing 23758. Process is still there.
23758 pts/5 00:00:00 tail
./bgkill.sh: line 24: 23758 Terminated tail -f UNO.txt
Just ran 'ps' command, 23758 must not show again.
killing 23759. Process is still there.
23759 pts/5 00:00:00 tail
./bgkill.sh: line 24: 23759 Terminated tail -f DOS.txt
Just ran 'ps' command, 23759 must not show again.
root@umsstd22 [P]:~# ps -f
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 3937 3935 0 11:07 pts/5 00:00:00 -bash
root 24200 3937 0 11:56 pts/5 00:00:00 ps -f
回答by errant.info
pgrepcan get you all of the child PIDs of a parent process. As mentioned earlier $$is the current scripts PID. So, if you want a script that cleans up after itself, this should do the trick:
pgrep可以获得父进程的所有子PID。前面提到的$$是当前脚本的PID。因此，如果您想要一个自行清理的脚本，这应该可以解决问题：
trap 'kill $( pgrep -P $$ | tr "\n" " " )' SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
回答by Alexey Polonsky
An even simpler way to kill all child process of a bash script:
一种更简单的方法来终止 bash 脚本的所有子进程：
pkill -P $$
The -Pflag works the same way with pkilland pgrep- it gets child processes, only with pkillthe child processes get killed and with pgrepchild PIDs are printed to stdout.
该-P标志与pkilland以相同的方式工作pgrep- 它获取子进程，只有pkill子进程被杀死并且pgrep子 PID 被打印到标准输出。
