如何监视 Windows 目录的更改？

How can I monitor a Windows directory for changes?

提问by Liam

When a change is made within a directory on a Windows system, I need a program to be notified immediately of the change.

当在 Windows 系统上的目录中进行更改时，我需要一个程序立即收到更改通知。

Is there some way of executing a program when a change occurs?

当发生更改时，是否有某种方法可以执行程序？

I'm not a C/C++/.NET programmer, so if I could set up something so that the change could trigger a batch file then that would be ideal.

我不是 C/C++/.NET 程序员，所以如果我可以设置一些东西以便更改可以触发批处理文件，那将是理想的。

采纳答案by Refracted Paladin

Use a FileSystemWatcherlike below to create a WatcherCreated Event().

使用如下所示的FileSystemWatcher创建 WatcherCreated Event()。

I used this to create a Windows Service that watches a Network folder and then emails a specified group on arrival of new files.

我用它来创建一个 Windows 服务，该服务监视网络文件夹，然后在新文件到达时通过电子邮件发送给指定的组。

    // Declare a new FILESYSTEMWATCHER
    protected FileSystemWatcher watcher;
    string pathToFolder = @"YourDesired Path Here";

    // Initialize the New FILESYSTEMWATCHER
    watcher = new FileSystemWatcher {Path = pathToFolder, IncludeSubdirectories = true, Filter = "*.*"};
    watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
    watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(WatcherCreated);

    void WatcherCreated(object source , FileSystemEventArgs e)
    {
      //Code goes here for when a new file is detected
    }

回答by Arturo Hernandez

FileSystemWatcher is the right answer except that it used to be that FileSystemWatcher only worked for a 'few' changes at a time. That was because of an operating system buffer. In practice whenever many small files are copied, the buffer that holds the filenames of the files changed is overrun. This buffer is not really the right way to keep track of recent changes, since the OS would have to stop writing when the buffer is full to prevent overruns.

FileSystemWatcher 是正确的答案，除了它曾经是 FileSystemWatcher 一次仅适用于“少数”更改。那是因为操作系统缓冲区。实际上，每当复制许多小文件时，保存已更改文件的文件名的缓冲区就会溢出。此缓冲区并不是跟踪最近更改的真正正确方法，因为操作系统必须在缓冲区已满时停止写入以防止溢出。

Microsoft instead provides other facilities (EDIT: like change journals) to truly capture all changes. Which essentially are the facilities that backup systems use, and are complex on the events that are recorded. And are also poorly documented.

相反，Microsoft 提供了其他工具（编辑：如变更日志）来真正捕获所有变更。这些本质上是备份系统使用的设施，并且在记录的事件上很复杂。并且记录也很差。

A simple test is to generate a big number of small files and see if they are all reported on by the FileSystemWatcher. If you have a problem, I suggest to sidestep the whole issue and scan the file system for changes at a timed interval.

一个简单的测试是生成大量的小文件，看看它们是否都被 FileSystemWatcher 报告了。如果您遇到问题，我建议您回避整个问题并定期扫描文件系统以查找更改。

回答by Rob Walker

If you want something non-programmatic try GiPo@FileUtilities... but in that case the question wouldn't belong here!

如果你想要一些非程序化的尝试GiPo@FileUtilities......但在这种情况下，问题不属于这里！

回答by Eric

I came on this page while searching for a way to monitor filesystem activity. I took Refracted Paladin's post and the FileSystemWatcherthat he shared and wrote a quick-and-dirty working C# implementation:

我在寻找监视文件系统活动的方法时来到此页面。我拿了 Refracted Paladin 的帖子和 他分享的FileSystemWatcher并编写了一个快速而肮脏的 C# 实现：

using System;
using System.IO;

namespace Folderwatch
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            //Based on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/760904/how-can-i-monitor-a-windows-directory-for-changes/27512511#27512511
            //and http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.io.filesystemwatcher.aspx

            string pathToFolder = string.Empty;
            string filterPath = string.Empty;
            const string USAGE = "USAGE: Folderwatch.exe PATH FILTER \n\n e.g.:\n\n Folderwatch.exe c:\windows *.dll";

            try
            {
                pathToFolder = args[0];

            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Invalid path!");
                Console.WriteLine(USAGE);
                return;
            }

            try
            {
                filterPath = args[1];
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Invalid filter!");
                Console.WriteLine(USAGE);
                return;

            }

            FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher();

            watcher.Path = pathToFolder;
            watcher.Filter = filterPath;

            watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.Attributes | NotifyFilters.CreationTime | 
                NotifyFilters.DirectoryName | NotifyFilters.FileName | NotifyFilters.LastAccess | 
                NotifyFilters.LastWrite | NotifyFilters.Security | NotifyFilters.Size;

            // Add event handlers.
            watcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
            watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
            watcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
            watcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(OnRenamed);


            // Begin watching.
            watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;

            // Wait for the user to quit the program.
            Console.WriteLine("Monitoring File System Activity on {0}.", pathToFolder);
            Console.WriteLine("Press \'q\' to quit the sample.");
            while (Console.Read() != 'q') ;

        }

        // Define the event handlers. 
        private static void OnChanged(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
        {
            // Specify what is done when a file is changed, created, or deleted.
            Console.WriteLine("File: " + e.FullPath + " " + e.ChangeType);
        }

        private static void OnRenamed(object source, RenamedEventArgs e)
        {
            // Specify what is done when a file is renamed.
            Console.WriteLine("File: {0} renamed to {1}", e.OldFullPath, e.FullPath);
        }
    }
}

To use this, download Visual Studio (Express will do). The create a new C# console application called Folderwatch and copy and paste my code into your Program.cs.

要使用它，请下载 Visual Studio（Express 可以）。创建一个名为 Folderwatch 的新 C# 控制台应用程序，并将我的代码复制并粘贴到您的 Program.cs 中。

As an alternative you could use Sys Internals Process Monitor: Process MonitorIt can monitor the file system and a bunch more.

作为替代方案，您可以使用 Sys Internals Process Monitor：Process Monitor它可以监控文件系统等等。

回答by SQLMenace

Use a FileSystemWatcher

使用FileSystemWatcher

回答by Richard

There is no utility or program the comes with Windows to do it. Some programming required.

没有 Windows 附带的实用程序或程序可以做到这一点。需要一些编程。

As noted in another answer, .NET's FileSystemWatcheris the easiest approach.

正如另一个答案中所述，.NETFileSystemWatcher是最简单的方法。

The native API ReadDirectoryChangesWis rather harder to use (requires an understanding of completion ports).

原生 API ReadDirectoryChangesW更难使用（需要了解完成端口）。

回答by Neha

This question helped me a lot to understand the File Watcher System. I implemented ReadDirectoryChangesWto monitor a directory and all its sub directories and get the information about change in those directories.

这个问题对我理解文件观察器系统有很大帮助。我实现了ReadDirectoryChangesW来监视目录及其所有子目录并获取有关这些目录中更改的信息。

I have written a blog post on the same, and I would like to share it so it may help someone who land up here for the same problem.

我已经写了一篇关于此的博客文章，我想分享它，以便它可以帮助那些遇到同样问题的人。

Win32 File Watcher Api to monitor directory changes.

Win32 File Watcher Api 监视目录更改。