bash Mac OS X 10.9 - 设置永久环境变量
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Mac OS X 10.9 - setting permanent environment variables
提问by danw
How do I set a permanent environment variable (i.e. one that does not need exporting every time I start a new Terminal session) in Mac OS X 10.9? I've found a number of answers about modifying my .bash_profileand .profile, however neither of these options seem to work as permanent solutions - only temporary. The variable I'm trying to set is MULE_HOME. I have the following line in my bash profile:
如何在 Mac OS X 10.9 中设置永久环境变量（即每次启动新终端会话时不需要导出的环境变量）？我找到了许多关于修改 my.bash_profile和的答案.profile，但是这些选项似乎都不是永久解决方案 - 只是暂时的。我试图设置的变量是MULE_HOME. 我的 bash 配置文件中有以下行：
export MULE_HOME=$(/opt/mule-standalone-3.4.0)
However, when I start Terminal I get the following line (not sure if this is normal behaviour?):
但是，当我启动终端时，我得到以下行（不确定这是否是正常行为？）：
-bash: /opt/mule-standalone-3.4.0: is a directory
And running a simple envcommand returns the following:
运行一个简单的env命令会返回以下内容：
TERM_PROGRAM=Apple_Terminal
SHELL=/bin/bash
TERM=xterm-256color
TMPDIR=/var/folders/fc/68bqp4jj411gynj5qvwhq6z1shs1fy/T/
Apple_PubSub_Socket_Render=/tmp/launch-xKtkql/Render
TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION=326
TERM_SESSION_ID=E97BFE4B-AF85-4933-B252-0883CC085349
USER=dan
SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/tmp/launch-rEmTWW/Listeners
__CF_USER_TEXT_ENCODING=0x730C85DE:0:0
PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin
__CHECKFIX1436934=1
PWD=/Users/dan
JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_51.jdk/Contents/Home
LANG=en_GB.UTF-8
MULE_HOME=
SHLVL=1
HOME=/Users/dan
LOGNAME=danwiseman
_=/usr/bin/env
In order to get around this I'm currently having to type export MULE_HOME=/opt/mule-standalone-3.4.0every time I start a new Terminal session which, whilst not strenuous, is a little inconvenient. What am I doing wrong here that is causing the variable to only be set temporarily? Thanks in advance.
为了解决这个问题，我目前export MULE_HOME=/opt/mule-standalone-3.4.0每次开始新的终端会话时都必须打字，虽然不费力，但有点不方便。我在这里做错了什么导致变量只被临时设置？提前致谢。
采纳答案by trojanfoe
Drop the $(...)bit, which would attempt to execute the command within the brackets and set $MULE_HOMEto whatever it produces. In your case /opt/mule-standalone-3.4.0is not an executable, hence the error you are getting.
删除该$(...)位，它将尝试执行括号内的命令并设置$MULE_HOME为它产生的任何内容。在您的情况下/opt/mule-standalone-3.4.0不是可执行文件，因此您会收到错误。
export MULE_HOME=/opt/mule-standalone-3.4.0
and use ~/.bashrcnot ~/.bash_profile.
并使用~/.bashrcnot ~/.bash_profile。
EDIT: It seems opinion is that you should set environment variables in your ~/.bash_profilescript, and not ~/.bashrcscript.
编辑：似乎意见是您应该在~/.bash_profile脚本中设置环境变量，而不是~/.bashrc脚本。
回答by CodeOverRide
Just did this really easy and quick. First create a ~/.bash_profilefrom terminal:
刚刚做到这一点非常简单快捷。首先从终端创建一个~/.bash_profile：
touch ~/.bash_profile
then
然后
open -a TextEdit.app ~/.bash_profile
add
添加
export TOMCAT_HOME=/Library/Tomcat/Home
Save document in TextEdit and you are done.
将文档保存在 TextEdit 中，您就完成了。
回答by Jean-Philippe Bond
Alternatively, you can also add the following command to your .bash_profileif you want your environment variables to be visible by graphic applications. In Mac OS X, graphic applications do not inherit your .bash_profile config :
或者，.bash_profile如果您希望图形应用程序可以看到您的环境变量，您也可以将以下命令添加到您的命令中。在 Mac OS X 中，图形应用程序不会继承您的 .bash_profile 配置：
launchctl setenv MYPATH myvar
回答by Anthony Kong
You can put your export statement in ~/.bashrc
你可以把你的出口声明放在 ~/.bashrc
回答by BuvinJ
It seems that Apple keeps changing how to do this. And it's all about context. One way does not necessarily work when another does. I needed it to work in an IDE, and neither of the bash files mention here (Linux style) did that. The current way for GUI apps to respect this on a permanent basis is SUPER convoluted compared to Windows and Linux!
苹果似乎一直在改变如何做到这一点。这一切都与上下文有关。当另一种方法有效时，一种方法不一定有效。我需要它在 IDE 中工作，这里提到的 bash 文件（Linux 风格）都没有做到这一点。与 Windows 和 Linux 相比，GUI 应用程序目前永久尊重这一点的方式非常复杂！
In a nutshell, you have write a huge pile of ugly XML into a plist file to run some bash. That goes into your "launch agents" directory, i.e. ~/Library/LaunchAgents/my.startup.plist. Here's another Stack Exchange thread on the subject:
简而言之，您将一大堆丑陋的 XML 写入 plist 文件以运行一些 bash。那进入您的“启动代理”目录，即 ~/Library/LaunchAgents/my.startup.plist. 这是关于该主题的另一个 Stack Exchange 线程：
That gives you a full copy & paste which you can tweak to set your specific variable.
这为您提供了完整的复制和粘贴，您可以对其进行调整以设置您的特定变量。
