Linux 获取 MAC 地址
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Getting MAC Address
提问by Mark Roddy
I need a cross platform method of determining the MAC address of a computer at run time. For windows the 'wmi' module can be used and the only method under Linux I could find was to run ifconfig and run a regex across its output. I don't like using a package that only works on one OS, and parsing the output of another program doesn't seem very elegant not to mention error prone.
我需要一种在运行时确定计算机 MAC 地址的跨平台方法。对于 Windows，可以使用“wmi”模块，而在 Linux 下我能找到的唯一方法是运行 ifconfig 并在其输出中运行正则表达式。我不喜欢使用只能在一个操作系统上运行的包，并且解析另一个程序的输出似乎不是很优雅，更不用说容易出错了。
Does anyone know a cross platform method (windows and linux) method to get the MAC address? If not, does anyone know any more elegant methods then those I listed above?
有谁知道获取 MAC 地址的跨平台方法（windows 和 linux）？如果没有，有没有人知道比我上面列出的更优雅的方法？
采纳答案by Armin Ronacher
Python 2.5 includes an uuid implementation which (in at least one version) needs the mac address. You can import the mac finding function into your own code easily:
Python 2.5 包含一个 uuid 实现（至少在一个版本中）需要 mac 地址。您可以轻松地将 mac 查找功能导入到您自己的代码中：
from uuid import getnode as get_mac
mac = get_mac()
The return value is the mac address as 48 bit integer.
返回值是 48 位整数形式的 mac 地址。
回答by camflan
netifaces is a good module to use for getting the mac address (and other addresses). It's crossplatform and makes a bit more sense than using socket or uuid.
netifaces 是一个很好的模块，用于获取 mac 地址（和其他地址）。它是跨平台的，比使用 socket 或 uuid 更有意义。
>>> import netifaces
>>> netifaces.interfaces()
['lo', 'eth0', 'tun2']
>>> netifaces.ifaddresses('eth0')[netifaces.AF_LINK]
[{'addr': '08:00:27:50:f2:51', 'broadcast': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff'}]
回答by Mostlyharmless
I dont know of a unified way, but heres something that you might find useful:
我不知道一种统一的方式，但这里有一些你可能会觉得有用的东西：
http://www.codeguru.com/Cpp/I-N/network/networkinformation/article.php/c5451
http://www.codeguru.com/Cpp/IN/network/networkinformation/article.php/c5451
What I would do in this case would be to wrap these up into a function, and based on the OS it would run the proper command, parse as required and return only the MAC address formatted as you want. Its ofcourse all the same, except that you only have to do it once, and it looks cleaner from the main code.
在这种情况下，我会做的是将这些包装成一个函数，并基于操作系统运行正确的命令，根据需要进行解析并仅返回根据需要格式化的 MAC 地址。它当然都是一样的，除了你只需要做一次，而且它从主代码中看起来更清晰。
回答by DGentry
For Linux you can retrieve the MAC address using a SIOCGIFHWADDR ioctl.
对于 Linux，您可以使用 SIOCGIFHWADDR ioctl 检索 MAC 地址。
struct ifreq ifr;
uint8_t macaddr[6];
if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP)) < 0)
return -1;
strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, "eth0");
if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFHWADDR, (void *)&ifr) == 0) {
if (ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_family == ARPHRD_ETHER) {
memcpy(macaddr, ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data, 6);
return 0;
... etc ...
You've tagged the question "python". I don't know of an existing Python module to get this information. You could use ctypesto call the ioctl directly.
您已将问题标记为“python”。我不知道现有的 Python 模块可以获取此信息。您可以使用ctypes直接调用 ioctl。
回答by John Fouhy
Note that you can build your own cross-platform library in python using conditional imports. e.g.
请注意，您可以使用条件导入在 python 中构建自己的跨平台库。例如
import platform
if platform.system() == 'Linux':
import LinuxMac
mac_address = LinuxMac.get_mac_address()
elif platform.system() == 'Windows':
# etc
This will allow you to use os.system calls or platform-specific libraries.
这将允许您使用 os.system 调用或特定于平台的库。
回答by mhawke
One other thing that you should note is that uuid.getnode()can fake the MAC addr by returning a random 48-bit number which may not be what you are expecting. Also, there's no explicit indication that the MAC address has been faked, but you could detect it by calling getnode()twice and seeing if the result varies. If the same value is returned by both calls, you have the MAC address, otherwise you are getting a faked address.
您应该注意的另一件事是，uuid.getnode()可以通过返回一个随机的 48 位数字来伪造 MAC 地址，这可能不是您所期望的。此外，没有明确指示 MAC 地址已被伪造，但您可以通过调用getnode()两次并查看结果是否变化来检测它。如果两个调用返回相同的值，则您拥有 MAC 地址，否则您将获得伪造的地址。
>>> print uuid.getnode.__doc__
Get the hardware address as a 48-bit positive integer.
The first time this runs, it may launch a separate program, which could
be quite slow. If all attempts to obtain the hardware address fail, we
choose a random 48-bit number with its eighth bit set to 1 as recommended
in RFC 4122.
回答by synthesizerpatel
The pure python solution for this problem under Linux to get the MAC for a specific local interface, originally posted as a comment by vishnubob and improved by on Ben Mackey in this activestate recipe
Linux下针对此问题的纯python解决方案，用于获取特定本地接口的MAC，最初由vishnubob作为评论发布，并在此activestate recipe中由Ben Mackey改进
#!/usr/bin/python
import fcntl, socket, struct
def getHwAddr(ifname):
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
info = fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(), 0x8927, struct.pack('256s', ifname[:15]))
return ':'.join(['%02x' % ord(char) for char in info[18:24]])
print getHwAddr('eth0')
This is the Python 3 compatible code:
这是 Python 3 兼容代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import fcntl
import socket
import struct
def getHwAddr(ifname):
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
info = fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(), 0x8927, struct.pack('256s', bytes(ifname, 'utf-8')[:15]))
return ':'.join('%02x' % b for b in info[18:24])
def main():
print(getHwAddr('enp0s8'))
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
回答by Sarath Sadasivan Pillai
For Linux let me introduce a shell script that will show the mac address and allows to change it (MAC sniffing).
对于 Linux，让我介绍一个 shell 脚本，它将显示 mac 地址并允许更改它（MAC 嗅探）。
ifconfig eth0 | grep HWaddr |cut -dH -f2|cut -d\ -f2
00:26:6c:df:c3:95
Cut arguements may dffer (I am not an expert) try:
削减争论可能会有所不同（我不是专家）尝试：
ifconfig etho | grep HWaddr
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:26:6c:df:c3:95
To change MAC we may do:
要更改 MAC，我们可以执行以下操作：
ifconfig eth0 down
ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:80:48:BA:d1:30
ifconfig eth0 up
will change mac address to 00:80:48:BA:d1:30 (temporarily, will restore to actual one upon reboot).
将 mac 地址更改为 00:80:48:BA:d1:30（暂时，重启后将恢复为实际地址）。
回答by kursancew
Using my answer from here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/18031868/2362361
使用我的回答：https: //stackoverflow.com/a/18031868/2362361
It would be important to know to which iface you want the MAC for since many can exist (bluetooth, several nics, etc.).
知道您想要 MAC 用于哪个 iface 很重要，因为许多 iface 都可以存在（蓝牙、多个 nics 等）。
This does the job when you know the IP of the iface you need the MAC for, using netifaces(available in PyPI):
当您知道需要 MAC 的接口的 IP 时，这可以使用netifaces（在 PyPI 中可用）：
import netifaces as nif
def mac_for_ip(ip):
'Returns a list of MACs for interfaces that have given IP, returns None if not found'
for i in nif.interfaces():
addrs = nif.ifaddresses(i)
try:
if_mac = addrs[nif.AF_LINK][0]['addr']
if_ip = addrs[nif.AF_INET][0]['addr']
except IndexError, KeyError: #ignore ifaces that dont have MAC or IP
if_mac = if_ip = None
if if_ip == ip:
return if_mac
return None
Testing:
测试：
>>> mac_for_ip('169.254.90.191')
'2c:41:38:0a:94:8b'
回答by Julio Schurt
Sometimes we have more than one net interface.
有时我们有不止一个网络接口。
A simple method to find out the mac address of a specific interface, is:
找出特定接口的 mac 地址的一种简单方法是：
def getmac(interface):
try:
mac = open('/sys/class/net/'+interface+'/address').readline()
except:
mac = "00:00:00:00:00:00"
return mac[0:17]
to call the method is simple
调用方法很简单
myMAC = getmac("wlan0")
