C++ 如何确定编译器使用的C++标准的版本？
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How to determine the version of the C++ standard used by the compiler?
提问by jasonline
How do you determine what version of the C++ standard is implemented by your compiler? As far as I know, below are the standards I've known:
您如何确定您的编译器实现了哪个版本的 C++ 标准？据我所知，以下是我所知道的标准：
- C++03
- C++98
- C++03
- C++98
采纳答案by RED SOFT ADAIR
By my knowledge there is no overall way to do this. If you look at the headers of cross platform/multiple compiler supporting libraries you'll always find a lotof defines that use compiler specific constructs to determine such things:
据我所知，没有整体方法可以做到这一点。如果您查看跨平台/多编译器支持库的头文件，您总会发现许多使用特定于编译器的构造来确定此类内容的定义：
/*Define Microsoft Visual C++ .NET (32-bit) compiler */
#if (defined(_M_IX86) && defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1300)
...
#endif
/*Define Borland 5.0 C++ (16-bit) compiler */
#if defined(__BORLANDC__) && !defined(__WIN32__)
...
#endif
You probably will have to do such defines yourself for all compilers you use.
您可能必须为您使用的所有编译器自己做这样的定义。
回答by pmr
From the Bjarne Stroustrup C++0x FAQ:
来自 Bjarne Stroustrup C++0x 常见问题解答：
__cplusplusIn C++0x the macro
__cpluspluswill be set to a value that differs from (is greater than) the current199711L.
__cplusplus在 C++0x 中，宏
__cplusplus将被设置为一个不同于（大于）当前199711L.
Although this isn't as helpful as one would like. gcc(apparently for nearly 10 years) had this value set to 1, ruling out one major compiler, until it was fixed when gcc 4.7.0 came out.
尽管这并不像人们希望的那样有帮助。gcc（显然将近 10 年了）将此值设置为1，排除了一个主要编译器，直到gcc 4.7.0 出来时它被修复。
These are the C++ standards and what value you should be able to expect in __cplusplus:
这些是 C++ 标准以及您应该能够期待的价值__cplusplus：
- C++ pre-C++98:
__cplusplusis1. - C++98:
__cplusplusis199711L. - C++98 + TR1: This reads as C++98 and there is no way to check that I know of.
- C++11:
__cplusplusis201103L. - C++14:
__cplusplusis201402L. - C++17:
__cplusplusis201703L.
- C++ C++98 之前的：
__cplusplus是1. - C++98：
__cplusplus是199711L。 - C++98 + TR1：这读作 C++98 并且没有办法检查我知道的。
- C++11：
__cplusplus是201103L。 - C++14：
__cplusplus是201402L。 - C++17：
__cplusplus是201703L。
If the compiler might be an older gcc, we need to resort to compiler specific hackery (look at a version macro, compare it to a table with implemented features) or use Boost.Config(which provides relevant macros). The advantage of this is that we actually can pick specific features of the new standard, and write a workaround if the feature is missing. This is often preferred over a wholesale solution, as some compilers will claim to implement C++11, but only offer a subset of the features.
如果编译器可能是旧的gcc，我们需要求助于编译器特定的技巧（查看版本宏，将其与具有已实现功能的表进行比较）或使用Boost.Config（提供相关宏）。这样做的好处是我们实际上可以选择新标准的特定功能，并在缺少该功能时编写解决方法。这通常比批发解决方案更受欢迎，因为一些编译器声称实现了 C++11，但只提供了一部分功能。
The Stdcxx Wiki hosts a comprehensive matrix for compiler support of C++0x features(if you dare to check for the features yourself).
Stdcxx Wiki为 C++0x 特性的编译器支持提供了一个综合矩阵（如果你敢自己检查这些特性）。
Unfortunately, more finely-grained checking for features (e.g. individual library functions like std::copy_if) can only be done in the build system of your application (run code with the feature, check if it compiled and produced correct results - autoconfis the tool of choice if taking this route).
不幸的是，更多的细晶粒检查功能（如单个库函数一样std::copy_if）只能在你的应用程序（与功能运行代码，检查的编译系统来完成，如果它编译，产生正确的结果-autoconf是，如果服用的首选工具这条路线）。
回答by Deepanshu
Please, run the following code to check the version.
请运行以下代码以检查版本。
#include<iostream>
int main() {
if (__cplusplus == 201703L) std::cout << "C++17\n";
else if (__cplusplus == 201402L) std::cout << "C++14\n";
else if (__cplusplus == 201103L) std::cout << "C++11\n";
else if (__cplusplus == 199711L) std::cout << "C++98\n";
else std::cout << "pre-standard C++\n";
}
回答by Bj?rn Pollex
Depending on what you want to achieve, Boost.Configmight help you. It does not provide detection of the standard-version, but it provides macros that let you check for support of specific language/compiler-features.
根据您想要实现的目标，Boost.Config可能会帮助您。它不提供对标准版本的检测，但它提供了让您检查对特定语言/编译器功能的支持的宏。
回答by Vinzenz
__cplusplus
In C++0x the macro __cplusplus will be set to a value that differs from (is greater than) the current 199711L.
__cplusplus
在 C++0x 中，宏 __cplusplus 将被设置为一个不同于（大于）当前 199711L 的值。
回答by dimon4eg
Use __cplusplusas suggested.
Only one note for Microsoft compiler, use Zc:__cpluspluscompiler switch to enable __cplusplus
__cplusplus按照建议使用。微软编译器只有一个注释，使用Zc:__cplusplus编译器开关来启用__cplusplus
Source https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/msvc-now-correctly-reports-__cplusplus/
来源https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/msvc-now-correctly-reports-__cplusplus/
回答by TarmoPikaro
Normally you should use __cplusplusdefine to detect c++17, but by default microsoft compiler does not define that macro properly, see https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/msvc-now-correctly-reports-__cplusplus/- you need to either modify project settings to include /Zc:__cplusplusswitch, or you could use syntax like this:
通常你应该使用__cplusplus定义来检测 c++17，但默认情况下微软编译器没有正确定义该宏，请参阅https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/msvc-now-correctly-reports-__cplusplus/- 你需要修改项目设置以包含/Zc:__cplusplus开关，或者您可以使用如下语法：
#if ((defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L) || __cplusplus >= 201703L)
//C++17 specific stuff here
#endif
