apache .htaccess 重写正则表达式：匹配除“索引”之外的任何内容
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.htaccess rewrite regex: match anything but "index"
提问by jezmck
I'm trying to create a rule used in a .htaccess file to match anything buta particular string, in this case: index.
我试图创建一个.htaccess文件用来匹配规则什么，但一个特定的字符串，在这种情况下：index。
I thought that it should be possible to match this special string first and use [L]but that's not working,
and it should be possible using the following regex, but it causes a 500 error.
我认为应该可以首先匹配这个特殊字符串并使用，[L]但这不起作用，
并且应该可以使用以下正则表达式，但它会导致 500 错误。
I want to match:
我想匹配：
- pagename1
- pagename2/whatever
- pagename3/234/whatever
- about
- contact-us
- (etc)
- 页名1
- 页名2/随便
- pagename3/234/随便
- 关于
- 联系我们
- （等等）
but not
但不是
- index/123
- index/124/whatever
- 索引/123
- 指数/124/随便
(BTW "index" is the name of a file with no extension, not my choice, this is a work thing)
（顺便说一句“索引”是没有扩展名的文件名，不是我的选择，这是一个工作的东西）
^(?!index)[\w/\-]+
I assume that apache's implementation of regex doesn't cope with the (?!xxx)rule.
我认为 apache 的 regex 实现不符合(?!xxx)规则。
Any help/suggestions will be much appreciated.
任何帮助/建议将不胜感激。
回答by Vinko Vrsalovic
You can use RewriteConds to do this, for example:
您可以使用RewriteConds 来执行此操作，例如：
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^index
RewriteRule (.*) index.php?what=
That will rewrite every URL which doesn't start by index. If you want it to avoid it anywhere in the URL, remove the ^
这将重写每个不是以索引开头的 URL。如果您希望它避免在 URL 中的任何位置使用它，请删除^
回答by Arjan
(Please read the comments. I doubt it and I've never encountered problems, while it gives one much cleaner .htaccessfiles, but: using RewriteCondmightbe preferred over using RewriteRulewith a dash, due to how rulesets are processed?)
（请阅读评论。我对此表示怀疑，我从未遇到过问题，虽然它提供了一个更清晰的.htaccess文件，但是：由于规则集的处理方式，使用RewriteCond可能比使用RewriteRule破折号更受欢迎？）
Just use RewriteRule as follows, to notrewrite (the dash), and stop subsequent rewriting (the [L]) for anything that starts with index/:
只需按如下方式使用 RewriteRule，不要重写（破折号），并停止[L]对以 开头的任何内容进行后续重写（）index/：
# Do not rewrite anything that starts with index/ RewriteRule ^index/ - [L]
After this, do any rewriting you like.
在此之后，进行任何您喜欢的重写。
Or maybe even limit some more first:
或者甚至可以先限制更多：
# Do not rewrite files, directories or symbolic links
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -l
RewriteRule . - [L]
回答by Gumbo
Apache used three different regular expression implementations. The first was System V8, since Apache 1.3 they used POSIX ERE and since Apache 2 they use PCRE. And only PCRE supports look-ahead assertions. So you need Apache 2 to use that rule.
Apache 使用了三种不同的正则表达式实现。第一个是 System V8，从 Apache 1.3 开始，他们使用 POSIX ERE，从 Apache 2 开始，他们使用 PCRE。并且只有 PCRE 支持前瞻断言。因此，您需要 Apache 2 才能使用该规则。
But now to your question. If you use this rule:
但现在你的问题。如果您使用此规则：
RewriteRule ^index/ - [L]
anything that starts with /index/should be catched by this rule and no further rule should be applied.
任何开头/index/应该通过这条规则被获取，并没有进一步的规则应适用。
But if that doesn't work, try this:
但如果这不起作用，请尝试以下操作：
RewriteRule !^index/ …
Again, this rule will be applied on any request that's URL path doesn't start with /index/.
同样，此规则将应用于 URL 路径不以 开头的任何请求/index/。
And if you want to capture anything from the URL, use a RewriteCondcondition to test either the full URL path itself (%{REQUEST_URI}) or just the match of one of your pattern groups:
如果您想从 URL 中捕获任何内容，请使用RewriteCond条件来测试完整的 URL 路径本身 ( %{REQUEST_URI}) 或您的模式组之一的匹配项：
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/index/
RewriteRule (.*) …
# or
RewriteCond !^index$
RewriteRule ^([^/]+)/(.*) …
