Java 使用 JUnit 5 进行 spring-boot-starter-test

spring-boot-starter-test with JUnit 5

提问by user605331

Using spring-boot-starter-testas of 2.0.6 brings in a JUnit 4 dependency. How can I use spring-boot-starter-test(via Gradle), but use JUnit 5 instead, without the JUnit 4 dependency being pulled in?

spring-boot-starter-test从 2.0.6 开始使用会引入 JUnit 4 依赖项。如何使用spring-boot-starter-test（通过 Gradle），但使用 JUnit 5，而不引入 JUnit 4 依赖项？

Here's a part of the dependency output from Gradle if it helps:

如果有帮助，以下是 Gradle 依赖项输出的一部分：

+--- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test -> 2.0.5.RELEASE
|    +--- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:2.0.5.RELEASE (*)
|    +--- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test:2.0.5.RELEASE
|    |    \--- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:2.0.5.RELEASE (*)
|    +--- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test-autoconfigure:2.0.5.RELEASE
|    |    +--- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test:2.0.5.RELEASE (*)
|    |    \--- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-autoconfigure:2.0.5.RELEASE (*)
|    +--- com.jayway.jsonpath:json-path:2.4.0
|    |    +--- net.minidev:json-smart:2.3
|    |    |    \--- net.minidev:accessors-smart:1.2
|    |    |         \--- org.ow2.asm:asm:5.0.4
|    |    \--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.25
|    +--- junit:junit:4.12
|    |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3

Here is my build.gradlefile:

这是我的build.gradle文件：

buildscript {
    ext {
        springBootVersion = '2.0.6.RELEASE'
    rootGradleDir = "${rootProject.rootDir}/gradle"
    }
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
    }
}

apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'idea'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'
apply plugin: 'io.spring.dependency-management'

apply from: "${rootGradleDir}/staticCodeAnalysis.gradle"

group = 'com.example'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

test {
  useJUnitPlatform()
}

dependencies {
    implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa')
    implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jdbc')
    implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security')
    implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf')
    implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-validation')
    implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
    implementation('org.liquibase:liquibase-core')
    runtimeOnly('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-devtools')
  runtimeOnly('org.postgresql:postgresql')
  testImplementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
  testImplementation('org.springframework.security:spring-security-test')

  implementation('org.glassfish.jaxb:jaxb-runtime:2.3.1')
  implementation('org.glassfish.jaxb:jaxb-runtime2.3.1')
  implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-redis')

  testCompile('org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.3.1')
  testCompile('org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params:5.3.1')
  testRuntime('org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.3.1')
}

---

---

UPDATE

更新

Adding the JUnit 5 dependency and doing the exclude mentioned in the comments did the trick. The test dependency now looks like this:

添加 JUnit 5 依赖项并执行注释中提到的排除操作即可解决问题。测试依赖现在看起来像这样：

testImplementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test') {
    exclude group: 'junit', module: 'junit' //by both name and group
}

采纳答案by Mike

As of Gradle 4.6 (I believe), there is native JUnit 5 support. You can just include JUnit5 as follows:

从 Gradle 4.6（我相信）开始，有原生的 JUnit 5 支持。您可以只包含 JUnit5，如下所示：

dependencies {
  testCompile "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.2.0"
  testCompile "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params:5.2.0"
  testRuntime "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.2.0"
}

You will also need:

您还需要：

test {
  useJUnitPlatform()
}

JUnit 4 and 5 use different package names, so they can co-exist in the same project. Many of the annotations are the same (@Test, etc) so make sure you include them from the org.junit.jupiter.apipackage.

JUnit 4 和 5 使用不同的包名，因此它们可以共存于同一个项目中。许多注释是相同的（@Test等），因此请确保将它们包含在org.junit.jupiter.api包中。

回答by Bienvenido David

Here's using implementationinstead of compile.

这是使用implementation而不是compile。

test {
  useJUnitPlatform()
}

dependencies {
    testImplementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test') {
        exclude group: 'junit', module: 'junit'
    }
    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.4.2'
    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params:5.4.2'
    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.4.2'
}

回答by leeyuiwah

Ten months later, and using Gradle 5.4.1, Spring Boot 2.1.7.RELEASE, and JUnit 5.5.1, I found that I was using a different dependency than the other answers. Also, I found that it is better to include the aggregate artifact rather than the individual artifacts:

十个月后，使用Gradle 5.4.1,Spring Boot 2.1.7.RELEASE和JUnit 5.5.1，我发现我使用的依赖项与其他答案不同。此外，我发现最好包含聚合工件而不是单个工件：

testImplementation('org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.5.1')

You can see more about my observation from this other SO Q&A of mine: Interaction between Spring Boot and JUnit 5 — must use the overall artifacts not the individuals?

您可以从我的另一个 SO Q&A 中了解更多关于我的观察：Spring Boot 和 JUnit 5 之间的交互——必须使用整体工件而不是个体吗？

回答by Patrick Herrera

It appears newer versions of spring-boot-starter-test(noticed in 2.2.6/2.2.7) are importing org.junit.vintage:junit-vintage-engine, which has a transitive dependency on junit:junit. Excluding just junitgave me some spurious errors:

似乎较新版本的spring-boot-starter-test（在 2.2.6/2.2.7 中注意到）正在 importing org.junit.vintage:junit-vintage-engine，它对junit:junit. 排除只是junit给了我一些虚假的错误：

May 13, 2020 9:20:05 AM org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher handleThrowable
WARNING: TestEngine with ID 'junit-vintage' failed to discover tests
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: junit/runner/Version
...
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: junit.runner.Version
...

Setting:

环境：

testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test') {
    exclude group: 'org.junit.vintage'
}

did the trick for me and all tests continue to run fine

对我有用，所有测试都继续正常运行

回答by José Braz

Just add

只需添加

testImplementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test') {
    exclude group: 'junit', module: 'junit'
}
testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.4.2'

And:

和：

test {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}