bash 使用bash提取文本文件中2个标记之间的行
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Extract lines between 2 tokens in a text file using bash
提问by tapan
i have a text file which looks like this:
我有一个看起来像这样的文本文件：
random useless text
<!-- this is token 1 -->
para1
para2
para3
<!-- this is token 2 -->
random useless text again
I want to extract the text in between the tokens (excluding the tokens of course). I tried using ## and %% to extract the data in between but it didn't work. I think it is not meant for manipulating such large text files. Any suggestions how i can do it ? maybe awk or sed ?
我想提取标记之间的文本（当然不包括标记）。我尝试使用 ## 和 %% 来提取两者之间的数据，但没有用。我认为它不是用来操作这么大的文本文件的。任何建议我怎么做？也许 awk 或 sed ？
回答by Paused until further notice.
No need for headand tailor grepor to read the file multiple times:
无需head和tail或grep或多次读取文件：
sed -n '/<!-- this is token 1 -->/{:a;n;/<!-- this is token 2 -->/b;p;ba}' inputfile
Explanation:
解释：
-n- don't do an implicit print/<!-- this is token 1 -->/{- if the starting marker is found, then:a- label "a"n- read the next line/<!-- this is token 2 -->/q- if it's the ending marker, quitp- otherwise, print the line
ba- branch to label "a"
}end if
-n- 不要隐式打印/<!-- this is token 1 -->/{- 如果找到起始标记，则:a- 标签“a”n- 阅读下一行/<!-- this is token 2 -->/q- 如果是结束标记，则退出p- 否则，打印该行
ba- 分支到标签“a”
}万一
回答by Peter Taylor
You can extract it, including the tokens with sed. Then use head and tail to strip the tokens off.
您可以提取它，包括带有 sed 的标记。然后使用头部和尾部来剥离令牌。
... | sed -n "/this is token 1/,/this is token 2/p" | head -n-1 | tail -n+2
回答by CaptainChristo
Maybe sed and awk have more elegant solutions, but I have a "poor man's" approach with grep, cut, head, and tail.
也许 sed 和 awk 有更优雅的解决方案，但我对 grep、cut、head 和 tail 有一个“穷人”的方法。
#!/bin/bash
dataFile="/path/to/some/data.txt"
startToken="token 1"
stopToken="token 2"
startTokenLine=$( grep -n "${startToken}" "${dataFile}" | cut -f 1 -d':' )
stopTokenLine=$( grep -n "${stopToken}" "${dataFile}" | cut -f 1 -d':' )
let stopTokenLine=stopTokenLine-1
let tailLines=stopTokenLine-startTokenLine
head -n ${stopTokenLine} ${dataFile} | tail -n ${tailLines}
回答by realex
no need to call mighty sed / awk / perl. You could do it "bash-only":
无需调用强大的 sed/awk/perl。你可以做到“仅限 bash”：
#!/bin/bash
STARTFLAG="false"
while read LINE; do
if [ "$STARTFLAG" == "true" ]; then
if [ "$LINE" == '<!-- this is token 2 -->' ];then
exit
else
echo "$LINE"
fi
elif [ "$LINE" == '<!-- this is token 1 -->' ]; then
STARTFLAG="true"
continue
fi
done < t.txt
Kind regards
亲切的问候
realex
Realex
回答by aioobe
Try the following:
请尝试以下操作：
sed -n '/<!-- this is token 1 -->/,/<!-- this is token 2 -->/p' your_input_file
| egrep -v '<!-- this is token . -->'
回答by Brian Agnew
For anything like this, I'd reach for Perl, with its combination of (amongst others) sedand awkcapabilities. Something like (beware - untested):
对于这样的事情，我会使用Perl，它结合了（除其他外）sed和awk功能。类似的东西（当心 - 未经测试）：
my $recording = 0;
my @results = ();
while (<STDIN>) {
chomp;
if (/token 1/) {
$recording = 1;
}
else if (/token 2/) {
$recording = 0;
}
else if ($recording) {
push @results, $_;
}
}
