java 带有自动装配的 Spring Boot 字段注入在 JUnit 测试中不起作用

Spring boot field injection with autowire not working in JUnit test

提问by progonkpa

I want to inject DeMorgenArticleScraper in a test.

我想在测试中注入 DeMorgenArticleScraper。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class DeMorgenArticleScraperTest {

    @Autowired
    private DeMorgenArticleScraper deMorgenArticleScraper;

    ...
}

The DeMorgenArticleScraper component has some configuration going on for itself, but the IDE/compiler is not complaining about them.

DeMorgenArticleScraper 组件本身有一些配置，但 IDE/编译器并没有抱怨它们。

@Component
public class DeMorgenArticleScraper extends NewsPaperArticleScraper {

    @Autowired
    public DeMorgenArticleScraper(
            @Qualifier("deMorgenSelectorContainer") SelectorContainer selector,
            GenericArticleScraper genericArticleScraper,
            @Qualifier("deMorgenCompany") Company company) {
        super(selector, genericArticleScraper, company);
    }

    ...
}

The constructor parameters that are annotated with @Qualifier, are defined in a Config.class With @Bean. The class itself has @Configuration. I figure the problem is not situated here.

使用@Qualifier 注释的构造函数参数在带有@Bean 的Config.class 中定义。类本身有@Configuration。我想问题不在这里。

The IDE warns me already, no bean found...autowired members must be defined in a bean. But as far as I know, it is defined in a bean with the @Component annotation. All other bean wiring seems ok as the Spring boot application can start (when I comment out the test class).

IDE 已经警告我，没有找到 bean……必须在 bean 中定义自动装配成员。但据我所知，它是在带有 @Component 注释的 bean 中定义的。所有其他 bean 接线似乎都可以，因为 Spring 启动应用程序可以启动（当我注释掉测试类时）。

回答by progonkpa

I replaced

我换了

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

with

和

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

This appears to be working fine: I see Spring boot firing up and loading beans. I'll keep this question open for a short while for better suggestions.

这似乎工作正常：我看到 Spring Boot 启动并加载 bean。我会暂时保留这个问题以获得更好的建议。

回答by Darren Forsythe

@SpringBootTestis fairly heavyweight, and for all intents and purpose will load your entire application, https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html#boot-features-testing-spring-boot-applications, it's fairly heavyweight and dramatically affects test time. Depending on what you are trying to test you may want to look into

@SpringBootTest相当重量级，并且出于所有意图和目的将加载您的整个应用程序，https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html#boot-features- testing-spring-boot-applications，它是相当重量级的并且会极大地影响测试时间。根据您要测试的内容，您可能需要查看

• Slice tests e.g. @JsonTest, @DataJpaTest, @WebMvcTestetc. , https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html#boot-features-testing-spring-boot-applications-testing-autoconfigured-tests. Benefit of these tests are not only will they not load everything, thus faster, but will try to hunt out the relevant configurations.
• Plain old @ContextConfigurationand point to the relevant @Configuration's required to load beans needed for the test https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/testing.html#contextconfiguration

• 切片试验，例如@JsonTest，@DataJpaTest，@WebMvcTest等，https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html#boot-features-testing-spring-boot-applications-测试自动配置测试。这些测试的好处不仅在于它们不会加载所有内容，因此速度更快，而且会尝试找出相关配置。
• 简单的旧@ContextConfiguration并指向@Configuration加载测试所需的 bean 所需的相关's https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/testing.html#contextconfiguration

回答by Vladimir

I have the same problem.

我也有同样的问题。

1. There is service, which I want to inject for testing but I want to test only platformToSql(..)method without launching whole Spring Boot application.

   @Service
   public class ConverterToSqlImpl implements IConverterToSql {
   
       private final ISomeRepository someRepository;
       private final IUtilService utilService;
   
       public ConverterToSqlMainConstructorServiceImpl(
               IWorkerUtilService workerUtilService,
               ISomeRepository someRepository) {
           this.utilService = utilService;
           this.someRepository = someRepository;
       }
   
       @Override
       public String platformToSql(String platformName) {
           return "platform='" + platformName + "'";
       }
   
       @Override
       public String methodWhichUseRepositoryAndUtilBeans() {
           // some code which is not interested us
       }
   }
   

2. I create test class. It is necessary to mock beans because they are not need for test method.

   @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
   @SpringBootTest(classes = {ConverterToSqlImpl.class})
   //@ContextConfiguration(classes = {ConverterToSqlImpl.class})
   @MockBeans({@MockBean(IUtilService.class), @MockBean(ISomeRepository.class)})
   public class SqlConverterConstructorTest {
   
       @Autowired
       private IConverterToSqlMainConstructorService convertToSql;
   
       @Test
       public void platformTest() {
           String platformSql = convertToSql.platformToSql("PLATFORM_1");
           String expectedSql = "platform='PLATFORM_1'";
           Assert.assertEquals(platformSql, expectedSql);
       }
   }
   

1. 有服务，我想注入它进行测试，但我只想测试platformToSql(..)方法而不启动整个 Spring Boot 应用程序。

   @Service
   public class ConverterToSqlImpl implements IConverterToSql {
   
       private final ISomeRepository someRepository;
       private final IUtilService utilService;
   
       public ConverterToSqlMainConstructorServiceImpl(
               IWorkerUtilService workerUtilService,
               ISomeRepository someRepository) {
           this.utilService = utilService;
           this.someRepository = someRepository;
       }
   
       @Override
       public String platformToSql(String platformName) {
           return "platform='" + platformName + "'";
       }
   
       @Override
       public String methodWhichUseRepositoryAndUtilBeans() {
           // some code which is not interested us
       }
   }
   

2. 我创建测试类。模拟 bean 是必要的，因为它们不需要测试方法。

   @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
   @SpringBootTest(classes = {ConverterToSqlImpl.class})
   //@ContextConfiguration(classes = {ConverterToSqlImpl.class})
   @MockBeans({@MockBean(IUtilService.class), @MockBean(ISomeRepository.class)})
   public class SqlConverterConstructorTest {
   
       @Autowired
       private IConverterToSqlMainConstructorService convertToSql;
   
       @Test
       public void platformTest() {
           String platformSql = convertToSql.platformToSql("PLATFORM_1");
           String expectedSql = "platform='PLATFORM_1'";
           Assert.assertEquals(platformSql, expectedSql);
       }
   }
   

@SpringBootTest(classess = {})load to ApplicationContextonly classess which are pointed out in classesssection, notwhole application with all beans will be lauched.

@SpringBootTest(classess = {})ApplicationContext仅加载到classess部分中指出的类，而不是启动包含所有 bean 的整个应用程序。

Also, as alternative to @SpringBootTestwith classes={..}, you can uncomment line with @ContextConfiguration. It is plain old style.

此外，作为@SpringBootTestwith 的替代方法classes={..}，您可以取消注释行@ContextConfiguration。这是朴素的旧风格。