Linux 如何将列的数据传输到行（使用awk）？
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How to transfer the data of columns to rows (with awk)?
提问by mahmood
I have a file like this:
我有一个这样的文件：
n A B C D
1 01 02 01 01
2 02 02 01 01
and I want to transfer the columns by rows, so the output should be like this:
我想按行传输列，所以输出应该是这样的：
n 1 2
A 01 02
B 02 02
C 01 01
D 01 01
I have wrote this command:
我写了这个命令：
awk '{ for (i=1;i<=NF;i++ ) printf $i " " }' file.txt > out-file.txt
the problem is that this command put everything on one line! so the output is like this:
问题是这个命令把所有东西都放在一行上！所以输出是这样的：
n 1 2 A 01 02 B 02 02 C 01 01 D 01 01
采纳答案by Zsolt Botykai
This might work:
这可能有效：
awk '{
for (f = 1; f <= NF; f++) { a[NR, f] = $f }
}
NF > nf { nf = NF }
END {
for (f = 1; f <= nf; f++) {
for (r = 1; r <= NR; r++) {
printf a[r, f] (r==NR ? RS : FS)
}
}
}' YOURINPUT
See it in action @ Ideone.
看看它在行动@ Ideone。
回答by Eduardo Ivanec
Save this script as transpose.awk and chmod u+x transpose.awk. It's a modification of Tim Sherwood'stranspose.
将此脚本另存为 transpose.awk 和chmod u+x transpose.awk. 这是蒂姆·舍伍德( Tim Sherwood) 的修改版transpose。
#!/usr/bin/gawk -f
BEGIN {
max_x =0;
max_y =0;
}
{
max_y++;
for( i=1; i<=NF; i++ )
{
if (i>max_x) max_x=i;
A[i,max_y] = $i;
}
}
END {
for ( x=1; x<=max_x; x++ )
{
for ( y=1; y<=max_y; y++ )
{
if ( (x,y) in A ) printf "%s",A[x,y];
if ( y!=max_y ) printf " ";
}
printf "\n";
}
}
Example:
例子：
$ ./transpose.awk example
n 1 2
A 01 02
B 02 02
C 01 01
D 01 01
回答by Hai Vu
Here is a different solution, which involve only one for loop at the end:
这是一种不同的解决方案，它最后只涉及一个 for 循环：
{ for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) col[i] = col[i] " " $i }
END {
for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) {
sub(/^ /, "", col[i]);
print col[i]
}
}
Discussion
讨论
- This solution uses a single-dimension array col, which stores the value for the whole column. col[1]is the first column.
- For every line, we append the column to col[i]. Because we blindly append, the col[i]value will contain a leading space.
- At the end, the sub() function removes the leading white space before printing out the column (now a row)
- 此解决方案使用单维数组col，该数组存储整列的值。col[1]是第一列。
- 对于每一行，我们将列附加到 col[i]。因为我们盲目追加，所以col[i]值将包含一个前导空格。
- 最后， sub() 函数在打印出列（现在是一行）之前删除前导空格
回答by chavoosh
Well, without awk we can do this with cat:
好吧，没有 awk 我们可以这样做cat：
for x in `cat filename`
do
echo $x
done
With this script the result will emerge in cols.
使用此脚本，结果将出现在 cols 中。
回答by nisetama
It would be easier to use rs:
使用起来会更容易rs：
$ cat /tmp/a
n A B C D
1 01 02 01 01
2 02 02 01 01
$ rs -c' ' -C' ' -T</tmp/a
n 1 2
A 01 02
B 02 02
C 01 01
D 01 01
-cchanges the input column separator, -Cchanges the output column separator, and -Ttransposes rows and columns.
-c更改输入列分隔符，-C更改输出列分隔符，并-T转置行和列。
