如何在 git 中给命令别名？

How do I alias commands in git?

提问by DevelopingChris

I saw a screencast where someone had gotten

我看到有人收到的截屏视频

git st
git ci

to work. When I do it I get an error asking me if I meant something else.
Being a git newb, I need to know what you have to do to get this done?

上班。当我这样做时，我收到一个错误，询问我是否有其他意思。
作为一个 git newb，我需要知道你必须做什么才能完成这项工作？

回答by Diego Dias

Basically you just need to add lines to ~/.gitconfig

基本上你只需要添加行 ~/.gitconfig

[alias]
    st = status
    ci = commit -v

Or you can use the git config alias command:

或者您可以使用 git config alias 命令：

$ git config --global alias.st status 

On unix, use single quotes if the alias has a space:

在 unix 上，如果别名有空格，请使用单引号：

$ git config --global alias.ci 'commit -v'

On windows, use double quotes if the alias has a space or a command line argument:

在 Windows 上，如果别名有空格或命令行参数，请使用双引号：

c:\dev> git config --global alias.ci "commit -v"

The alias command even accepts functions as parameters. Take a look at aliases.

alias 命令甚至接受函数作为参数。看看别名。

回答by Matthew Rankin

As others have said the appropriate way to add git aliases is in your global .gitconfigfile either by editing ~/.gitconfigor by using the git config --global alias.<alias> <git-command>command

正如其他人所说，添加 git 别名的适当方法.gitconfig是通过编辑~/.gitconfig或使用git config --global alias.<alias> <git-command>命令在您的全局文件中

Below is a copy of the alias section of my ~/.gitconfigfile:

以下是我的~/.gitconfig文件别名部分的副本：

[alias]
    st = status
    ci = commit
    co = checkout
    br = branch
    unstage = reset HEAD --
    last = log -1 HEAD

Also, if you're using bash, I would recommend setting up bash completion by copying git-completion.bashto your home directory and sourcing it from your ~/.bashrc. (I believe I learned about this from the Pro Gitonline book.) On Mac OS X, I accomplished this with the following commands:

此外，如果您使用 bash，我建议git-completion.bash您通过复制到您的主目录并从您的~/.bashrc. （我相信我是从Pro Git在线书籍中了解到的。）在 Mac OS X 上，我使用以下命令完成了此操作：

# Copy git-completion.bash to home directory
cp usr/local/git/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash ~/

# Add the following lines to ~/.bashrc
if [ -x /usr/local/git/bin/git ]; then
    source ~/.git-completion.bash
fi

Note:The bash completion will work not only for the standard git commands but also for your git aliases.

注意：bash 补全不仅适用于标准 git 命令，也适用于您的 git 别名。

Finally, to really cut down on the keystrokes, I added the following to my ~/.bash_aliasesfile, which is sourced from ~/.bashrc:

最后，为了真正减少击键次数，我将以下内容添加到我的~/.bash_aliases文件中，该文件来自~/.bashrc：

alias gst='git status'
alias gl='git pull'
alias gp='git push'
alias gd='git diff | mate'
alias gau='git add --update'
alias gc='git commit -v'
alias gca='git commit -v -a'
alias gb='git branch'
alias gba='git branch -a'
alias gco='git checkout'
alias gcob='git checkout -b'
alias gcot='git checkout -t'
alias gcotb='git checkout --track -b'
alias glog='git log'
alias glogp='git log --pretty=format:"%h %s" --graph'

回答by wcc526

I think the most useful gitconfig is like this,we always use the 20% function in git,you can try the "g ll",it is amazing,the details:

我觉得最有用的gitconfig是这样的，我们在git中总是使用20%的功能，你可以试试“g ll”，很神奇，详情：

[user]
    name = my name
    email = [email protected]
[core]  
    editor = vi 
[alias]
    aa = add --all
    bv = branch -vv
    ba = branch -ra
    bd = branch -d
    ca = commit --amend
    cb = checkout -b
    cm = commit -a --amend -C HEAD
    ci = commit -a -v
    co = checkout
    di = diff
    ll = log --pretty=format:"%C(yellow)%h%Cred%d\ %Creset%s%Cblue\ [%cn]" --decorate --numstat
    ld = log --pretty=format:"%C(yellow)%h\ %C(green)%ad%Cred%d\ %Creset%s%Cblue\ [%cn]" --decorate --date=short --graph
    ls = log --pretty=format:"%C(green)%h\ %C(yellow)[%ad]%Cred%d\ %Creset%s%Cblue\ [%cn]" --decorate --date=relative
    mm = merge --no-ff
    st = status --short --branch
    tg = tag -a 
    pu = push --tags
    un = reset --hard HEAD  
    uh = reset --hard HEAD^
   [color]  
    diff = auto  
    status = auto  
    branch = auto 
   [branch]  
    autosetuprebase = always

回答by Alan Haggai Alavi

You need the git config aliascommand. Execute the following in a Git repository:

你需要这个git config alias命令。在 Git 存储库中执行以下操作：

git config alias.ci commit

For global alias:

对于全局别名：

git config --global alias.ci commit

回答by Nicolas Gramlich

This worked for me:

这对我有用：

bco = "!f(){ git branch  && git checkout ; };f"

on:

在：

$ git --version

git version 1.7.7.5 (Apple Git-26)

回答by Nick Moore

This will create an alias stfor status:

这将创建一个别名st为status：

git config --add alias.st status

git config --add alias.st status

回答by Prabhakar Undurthi

Follwing are the 4 git shortcuts or aliases youc an use to save time.

以下是 4 个可用于节省时间的 git 快捷方式或别名。

Open the commandline and type these below 4 commands and use the shortcuts after.

打开命令行并键入以下 4 个命令，然后使用快捷方式。

git config --global alias.co checkout  
git config --global alias.ci commit    
git config --global alias.st status    
git config --global alias.br branch  

Now test them!

现在测试它们！

$ git co              # use git co instead of git checkout
$ git ci              # use git ci instead of git commit
$ git st              # use git st instead of git status
$ git br              # use git br instead of git branch

回答by Gus

For those looking to execute shell commands in a git alias, for example:

对于那些希望在 git alias 中执行 shell 命令的人，例如：

$ git pof

In my terminal will push forcethe current branch to my origin repo:

在我的终端中将强制当前分支推送到我的原始存储库：

[alias]
    pof = !git push origin -f $(git branch | grep \* | cut -d ' ' -f2)

Where the

哪里

$(git branch | grep \* | cut -d ' ' -f2)

command returns the current branch.

命令返回当前分支。

So this is a shortcut for manually typing the branch name:

所以这是手动输入分支名称的快捷方式：

git push origin -f <current-branch>

回答by mkobit

You can alias both git and non-git commands. It looks like this was added in version 1.5. A snippet from the git config --helppage on version 2.5.4 on my Mac shows:

您可以为 git 和非 git 命令设置别名。看起来这是在 1.5 版中添加的。git config --help我的 Mac 上 2.5.4 版页面的片段显示：

If the alias expansion is prefixed with an exclamation point, it will be treated as a shell command.

如果别名扩展以感叹号为前缀，它将被视为一个 shell 命令。

For example, in your global .gitconfigfile you could have:

例如，在您的全局.gitconfig文件中，您可以拥有：

[alias]
    st = status
    hi = !echo 'hello'

And then run them:

然后运行它们：

$ git hi
hello
$ git st
On branch master

...

回答by Stryker

Add the following lines to your ~/.gitconfig in your home directory

将以下行添加到您的主目录中的 ~/.gitconfig

[alias]
# one-line log
l = log --pretty=format:"%C(yellow)%h\ %ad%Cred%d\ %Creset%s%Cblue\ [%cn]" --decorate --date=short
ll = log --pretty=format:"%C(yellow)%h%Cred%d\ %Creset%s%Cblue\ [%cn]" --decorate --numstat
ld = log --pretty=format:"%C(yellow)%h\ %C(green)%ad%Cred%d\ %Creset%s%Cblue\ [%cn]" --decorate --date=short --graph
ls = log --pretty=format:"%C(green)%h\ %C(yellow)[%ad]%Cred%d\ %Creset%s%Cblue\ [%cn]" --decorate --date=relative

a = add
ap = add -p
c = commit --verbose
ca = commit -a --verbose
cm = commit -m
cam = commit -a -m
m = commit --amend --verbose

d = diff
ds = diff --stat
dc = diff --cached

s = status -s
co = checkout
cob = checkout -b
# list branches sorted by last modified
b = "!git for-each-ref --sort='-authordate' --format='%(authordate)%09%(objectname:short)%09%(refname)' refs/heads | sed -e 's-refs/heads/--'"

# list aliases
la = "!git config -l | grep alias | cut -c 7-"

Once that is done, you can do git ainstead of git addfor example. The same applies to other commands under the alias heading..

完成后，您可以做git a而不是git add例如。这同样适用于别名标题下的其他命令。