C# System.IO.FileNotFoundException：部署应用程序时无法加载文件或程序集“X”或其依赖项之一

System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'X' or one of its dependencies when deploying the application

提问by Arsen Zahray

I'm having a strange problem with deploying an application, which references an assembly, written in managed c++.

我在部署一个应用程序时遇到了一个奇怪的问题，该应用程序引用了一个用托管 C++ 编写的程序集。

I've created an assembly X, compiled it and referenced it in an exe file, called Starter.

我创建了一个程序集 X，编译它并在一个名为 Starter.exe 的 exe 文件中引用它。

Starter.exe starts normally on local mashine. However, when I copy ALL contents of the starter debug folder to a virtual mashine, and try to start it there, it crashes with following exception:

Starter.exe 在本地机器上正常启动。但是，当我将 starter 调试文件夹的所有内容复制到虚拟机并尝试在那里启动它时，它会崩溃并出现以下异常：

Unhandled Exception: System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or 
assembly 'X' or one of its dependencies. The specified module could not be found.

This does not make any sense to me, because X is right in the same folder as Starter.exe.

这对我来说没有任何意义，因为 X 与 Starter.exe 位于同一文件夹中。

What could be causing this problem?

什么可能导致这个问题？

UPDATE

更新

I've examined the dependencies in Reflector on the target machine, and it was able to find files for all of those.

我已经检查了目标机器上 Reflector 中的依赖项，它能够找到所有这些的文件。

I've also changed the configurations to x86/win32 for all projects.

我还将所有项目的配置更改为 x86/win32。

UPDATE

更新

Here are the logs from Fusion Log (location: C:\FusionLog\Default\Starter.exe\X, Version=1.0.4538.22813, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null.HTM):

以下是 Fusion Log 中的日志（位置：C:\FusionLog\Default\Starter.exe\X，Version=1.0.4538.22813，Culture=neutral，PublicKeyToken=null.HTM）：

*** Assembly Binder Log Entry  (6/4/2012 @ 1:56:13 PM) ***

The operation was successful.
Bind result: hr = 0x0. The operation completed successfully.

Assembly manager loaded from:  C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\clr.dll
Running under executable  C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\tmp\k;k\Starter.exe
--- A detailed error log follows. 

=== Pre-bind state information ===
LOG: User = MENKAUR-7683827\Administrator
LOG: DisplayName = X, Version=1.0.4538.22813, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null
 (Fully-specified)
LOG: Appbase = file:///C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/Desktop/tmp/k;k/
LOG: Initial PrivatePath = NULL
LOG: Dynamic Base = NULL
LOG: Cache Base = NULL
LOG: AppName = Starter.exe
Calling assembly : Starter, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null.
===
LOG: This bind starts in default load context.
LOG: Using application configuration file: C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\tmp\k;k\Starter.exe.Config
LOG: Using host configuration file: 
LOG: Using machine configuration file from C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\config\machine.config.
LOG: Policy not being applied to reference at this time (private, custom, partial, or location-based assembly bind).
LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/Desktop/tmp/k;k/X.DLL.
LOG: Assembly download was successful. Attempting setup of file: C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\tmp\k;k\X.dll
LOG: Entering run-from-source setup phase.
LOG: Assembly Name is: X, Version=1.0.4538.22813, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null
LOG: Binding succeeds. Returns assembly from C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\tmp\k;k\X.dll.
LOG: Assembly is loaded in default load context.

The only errors are in C:\FusionLog\NativeImage\Starter.exe\ directory:

唯一的错误在 C:\FusionLog\NativeImage\Starter.exe\ 目录中：

*** Assembly Binder Log Entry  (6/4/2012 @ 1:56:13 PM) ***

The operation failed.
Bind result: hr = 0x80070002. The system cannot find the file specified.

Assembly manager loaded from:  C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\clr.dll
Running under executable  C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\tmp\k;k\Starter.exe
--- A detailed error log follows. 

=== Pre-bind state information ===
LOG: User = MENKAUR-7683827\Administrator
LOG: DisplayName = BookmarkWiz.Kernel, Version=1.0.4538.22813, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null
 (Fully-specified)
LOG: Appbase = file:///C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/Desktop/tmp/k;k/
LOG: Initial PrivatePath = NULL
LOG: Dynamic Base = NULL
LOG: Cache Base = NULL
LOG: AppName = Starter.exe
Calling assembly : Starter, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null.
===
LOG: Start binding of native image X, Version=1.0.4538.22813, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null.
WRN: No matching native image found.
LOG: IL assembly loaded from C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\tmp\k;k\X.dll.

I cannot sign the assembly, as it references several other assemblies, which are not signed

我无法对程序集进行签名，因为它引用了其他几个未签名的程序集

采纳答案by flayn

... Could not load file or assembly 'X' or one of its dependencies...

... 无法加载文件或程序集“X”或其依赖项之一...

Most likely it fails to load another dependency.

它很可能无法加载另一个依赖项。

you could try to check the dependencies with a dependency walker.

您可以尝试使用依赖项walker检查依赖项。

I.e: http://www.dependencywalker.com/

即：http: //www.dependencywalker.com/

Also check your build configuration (x86 / 64)

还要检查您的构建配置（x86 / 64）

Edit: I also had this problem once when I was copying dlls in zip from a "untrusted" network share. The file was locked by Windows and the FileNotFoundException was raised.

编辑：当我从“不受信任的”网络共享复制 zip 中的 dll 时，我也遇到过这个问题。该文件已被 Windows 锁定，并引发了 FileNotFoundException。

See here: Detected DLLs that are from the internet and "blocked" by CASPOL

请参阅此处：检测到的来自 Internet 并被 CASPOL“阻止”的 DLL

回答by Ags1

I resolved this problem by renaming the DLL. The DLL had been manually renamed when it was uploaded to its shared location (a version number was appended to the file name). Removing the version number from the downloaded file resolved the issue.

我通过重命名 DLL 解决了这个问题。DLL 在上传到共享位置时已被手动重命名（在文件名后附加了版本号）。从下载的文件中删除版本号解决了该问题。

回答by BonifatiusK

I had the same issue. For me it helped to remove the .vs directory in the project folder.

我遇到过同样的问题。对我来说，它有助于删除项目文件夹中的 .vs 目录。

回答by user12821433

I also had the same issue when I tried to install a Windows service, in my case I managed to resolved the issue by removing blank spaces in the folder path to the service .exe, below is the command worked for me in a command prompt

当我尝试安装 Windows 服务时，我也遇到了同样的问题，在我的情况下，我设法通过删除服务 .exe 的文件夹路径中的空格来解决这个问题，下面是在命令提示符下为我工作的命令

cd C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319

cd C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319

Press ENTER to change working directory

按 ENTER 更改工作目录

InstallUtil.exe C:\MyService\Release\ReminderService.exe

InstallUtil.exe C:\MyService\Release\ReminderService.exe

Press ENTER

按 ENTER