C# 透明窗口层，可点击并始终位于顶部

Transparent window layer that is click-through and always stays on top

提问by user1166981

This is some code that I picked up which I tried to implement. Its purpose is to create a form layer which is transparent, full screen, borderless, clickthrough, and always on top of other windows. It then lets you draw using directx over the top of it remaining otherwise transparent.

这是我尝试实现的一些代码。它的目的是创建一个透明的、全屏的、无边框的、可点击的并且始终位于其他窗口之上的表单层。然后它允许您在其顶部使用 directx 进行绘制，否则保持透明。

The parts that don't work are the click-through part, and the directx render. When I run it I basically have an invisible force field in front of all other windows and have to alt-tab around to visual studio to quickly press ALT F5 and end the debug (so at least the always on top and transparency works). I have been trying to figure out why those parts don't work, but my newbie c# skills fail me. hopefully someone can spot why and provide a modification.

不起作用的部分是点击部分和 Directx 渲染。当我运行它时，我基本上在所有其他窗口前面都有一个不可见的力场，并且必须使用 alt-tab 切换到 Visual Studio 以快速按 ALT F5 并结束调试（因此至少始终在顶部和透明度有效）。我一直试图弄清楚为什么这些部分不起作用，但是我的新手 c# 技能让我失望。希望有人能找出原因并提供修改。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Globalization;
using Microsoft.DirectX;
using Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;
using System.Threading;


namespace MinimapSpy
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{

    private Margins marg;

    //this is used to specify the boundaries of the transparent area
    internal struct Margins
    {
        public int Left, Right, Top, Bottom;
    }

    [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]

    private static extern UInt32 GetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex);

    [DllImport("user32.dll")]

    static extern int SetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex, IntPtr dwNewLong);

    [DllImport("user32.dll")]

    static extern bool SetLayeredWindowAttributes(IntPtr hwnd, uint crKey, byte bAlpha, uint dwFlags);

    public const int GWL_EXSTYLE = -20;

    public const int WS_EX_LAYERED = 0x80000;

    public const int WS_EX_TRANSPARENT = 0x20;

    public const int LWA_ALPHA = 0x2;

    public const int LWA_COLORKEY = 0x1;

    [DllImport("dwmapi.dll")]
    static extern void DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(IntPtr hWnd, ref Margins pMargins);

    private Device device = null;



    public Form1()
    {

        //Make the window's border completely transparant
        SetWindowLong(this.Handle, GWL_EXSTYLE,
                (IntPtr)(GetWindowLong(this.Handle, GWL_EXSTYLE) ^ WS_EX_LAYERED ^ WS_EX_TRANSPARENT));

        //Set the Alpha on the Whole Window to 255 (solid)
        SetLayeredWindowAttributes(this.Handle, 0, 255, LWA_ALPHA);

        //Init DirectX
        //This initializes the DirectX device. It needs to be done once.
        //The alpha channel in the backbuffer is critical.
        PresentParameters presentParameters = new PresentParameters();
        presentParameters.Windowed = true;
        presentParameters.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard;
        presentParameters.BackBufferFormat = Format.A8R8G8B8;

        this.device = new Device(0, DeviceType.Hardware, this.Handle,
        CreateFlags.HardwareVertexProcessing, presentParameters);


        Thread dx = new Thread(new ThreadStart(this.dxThread));
        dx.IsBackground = true;
        dx.Start();  
        InitializeComponent();

    }

   protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
   {
        //Create a margin (the whole form)
      marg.Left = 0;
     marg.Top = 0;
      marg.Right = this.Width;
      marg.Bottom = this.Height;

        //Expand the Aero Glass Effect Border to the WHOLE form.
        // since we have already had the border invisible we now
        // have a completely invisible window - apart from the DirectX
        // renders NOT in black.
     DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(this.Handle, ref marg);  

  }
    private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }
    private void dxThread()
    {
        while (true)
        {
            //Place your update logic here
            device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target, Color.FromArgb(0, 0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);
            device.RenderState.ZBufferEnable = false;
            device.RenderState.Lighting = false;
            device.RenderState.CullMode = Cull.None;
            device.Transform.Projection = Matrix.OrthoOffCenterLH(0, this.Width, this.Height, 0, 0, 1);
            device.BeginScene();

            //Place your rendering logic here

            device.EndScene();
            //device.Present();
        }

        this.device.Dispose();
        Application.Exit();
    }  

}

采纳答案by Jaska

Here's a refined full sample code for making a window topmost - click through - transparent (= alpha blended). The sample makes a rotating color wheel which is rendered with DirectX, or actually with XNA 4.0, because I believe Microsoft has discontinued developing the managed directx and favours XNA today.

这是一个完善的完整示例代码，用于制作最顶部的窗口 - 点击 - 透明（= alpha 混合）。该示例制作了一个使用 DirectX 或实际上使用 XNA 4.0 渲染的旋转色轮，因为我相信 Microsoft 已经停止开发托管 Directx 并在今天偏爱 XNA。

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;

namespace ClickThroughXNA
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        // Directx graphics device
        GraphicsDevice dev = null;        
        BasicEffect effect = null;     

        // Wheel vertexes
        VertexPositionColor[] v = new VertexPositionColor[100];

        // Wheel rotation
        float rot = 0;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;   
            Size = new System.Drawing.Size(500, 500);
            FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.None;  // no borders

            TopMost = true;        // make the form always on top                     
            Visible = true;        // Important! if this isn't set, then the form is not shown at all

            // Set the form click-through
            int initialStyle = GetWindowLong(this.Handle, -20);
            SetWindowLong(this.Handle, -20, initialStyle | 0x80000 | 0x20);

            // Create device presentation parameters
            PresentationParameters p = new PresentationParameters();
            p.IsFullScreen = false;
            p.DeviceWindowHandle = this.Handle;
            p.BackBufferFormat = SurfaceFormat.Vector4;
            p.PresentationInterval = PresentInterval.One;

            // Create XNA graphics device
            dev = new GraphicsDevice(GraphicsAdapter.DefaultAdapter, GraphicsProfile.Reach, p);

            // Init basic effect
            effect = new BasicEffect(dev);

            // Extend aero glass style on form init
            OnResize(null);
        }


        protected override void OnResize(EventArgs e)
        {
            int[] margins = new int[] { 0, 0, Width, Height };

            // Extend aero glass style to whole form
            DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(this.Handle, ref margins);  
        }


        protected override void OnPaintBackground(PaintEventArgs e)
        {
            // do nothing here to stop window normal background painting
        }


        protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
        {                
            // Clear device with fully transparent black
            dev.Clear(new Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Color(0, 0, 0, 0.0f));

            // Rotate wheel a bit
            rot+=0.1f;

            // Make the wheel vertexes and colors for vertexes
            for (int i = 0; i < v.Length; i++)
            {                    
                if (i % 3 == 1)
                    v[i].Position = new Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Vector3((float)Math.Sin((i + rot) * (Math.PI * 2f / (float)v.Length)), (float)Math.Cos((i + rot) * (Math.PI * 2f / (float)v.Length)), 0);
                else if (i % 3 == 2)
                    v[i].Position = new Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Vector3((float)Math.Sin((i + 2 + rot) * (Math.PI * 2f / (float)v.Length)), (float)Math.Cos((i + 2 + rot) * (Math.PI * 2f / (float)v.Length)), 0);

                v[i].Color = new Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Color(1 - (i / (float)v.Length), i / (float)v.Length, 0, i / (float)v.Length);
            }

            // Enable position colored vertex rendering
            effect.VertexColorEnabled = true;
            foreach (EffectPass pass in effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) pass.Apply();

            // Draw the primitives (the wheel)
            dev.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, v, 0, v.Length / 3, VertexPositionColor.VertexDeclaration);

            // Present the device contents into form
            dev.Present();

            // Redraw immediatily
            Invalidate();            
        }


        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        static extern int GetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex);

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        static extern int SetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex, int dwNewLong);

        [DllImport("dwmapi.dll")]
        static extern void DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(IntPtr hWnd, ref int[] pMargins);

    }
}

回答by Alvin Wong

A little extension/modification to Jaska's code, which the form is transparent

对 Jaska 代码的一些扩展/修改，表单是透明的

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        this.TopMost = true; // make the form always on top
        this.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.None; // hidden border
        this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized; // maximized
        this.MinimizeBox = this.MaximizeBox = false; // not allowed to be minimized
        this.MinimumSize = this.MaximumSize = this.Size; // not allowed to be resized
        this.TransparencyKey = this.BackColor = Color.Red; // the color key to transparent, choose a color that you don't use
    }

    protected override CreateParams CreateParams
    {
        get
        {
            CreateParams cp = base.CreateParams;
            // Set the form click-through
            cp.ExStyle |= 0x80000 /* WS_EX_LAYERED */ | 0x20 /* WS_EX_TRANSPARENT */;
            return cp;
        }
    }

    protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
    {
        base.OnPaint(e);
        // draw what you want
        e.Graphics.FillEllipse(Brushes.Blue, 30, 30, 100, 100);
    }
}

回答by Trevor

Change your extended window style to only WS_EX_LAYERED, window style to only WS_POPUP (NO WS_SIZEBOX) and make sure to use DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea with all -1's and this will produce transparent windows with layered support: downside is you need to bltbit with GDI from an offscreen directx rendering. Not optimal but it works. This gives mouse click throughs + directx rendering + transparency. Downside is you'll need to inform GDI anytime, pull the directx buffer (all of it or just the damaged portions) and write them to the screem with bltbit.

将您的扩展窗口样式更改为仅 WS_EX_LAYERED，将窗口样式更改为仅 WS_POPUP（无 WS_SIZEBOX）并确保将 DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea 与所有 -1 一起使用，这将生成具有分层支持的透明窗口：缺点是您需要从屏幕外的 Directx 使用 GDI 进行 bltbit渲染。不是最佳的，但它有效。这提供了鼠标点击 + Directx 渲染 + 透明度。缺点是您需要随时通知 GDI，拉出 directx 缓冲区（全部或仅损坏的部分）并使用 bltbit 将它们写入 screem。

Setting the extended window style to WS_EX_COMPOSITED and DwmExtendedFrameIntoClientArea with all -1's (similar as above, WS_POPUP on the regular window style). This you can run directx from but no mouse clickthroughs. You can at this point define irregular paths for the hit mask and pass it to windows, its not perfect but if you know a general (non regular) area that can pass-through it'll work.

将扩展窗口样式设置为 WS_EX_COMPOSITED 和 DwmExtendedFrameIntoClientArea，全为 -1（与上面类似，常规窗口样式上的 WS_POPUP）。您可以从中运行 directx 但没有鼠标点击。此时您可以为命中蒙版定义不规则路径并将其传递到窗口，这并不完美，但如果您知道可以通过的一般（非规则）区域，它就会起作用。

Still trying to find a true way of using opengl/directx on mac or windows platforms that can pass through mouse clicks with out having to do a bitblt to a legacy rendering system.

仍在尝试找到一种在 mac 或 windows 平台上使用 opengl/directx 的真正方法，该方法可以通过鼠标点击而无需对旧渲染系统进行 bitblt。

回答by Hu?nh H?u ?n

I have a simple way use TransparentKey property and a 1x1 pixel label with the color of Form TransparentKey. On Form and all control MouseMouse event. Set label position to Mouse location.

我有一个简单的方法使用 TransparentKey 属性和一个 1x1 像素标签，颜色为 Form TransparentKey。在 Form 和所有控件 MouseMouse 事件上。将标签位置设置为鼠标位置。

private void MoveHole()
{
    var newLocation = PointToClient(MousePosition);
    lblHole.Location = newLocation;
}