Linux 如何为长路径制作“别名”？

How to make an "alias" for a long path?

提问by bashboy

I tried to make an "alias" for a path that I use often while shell scripting. I tried something, but it failed:

我试图为我在编写 shell 脚本时经常使用的路径创建一个“别名”。我尝试了一些东西，但失败了：

myFold="~/Files/Scripts/Main"
cd myFold

bash: cd: myFold: No such file or directory

How do I make it work ?
However, cd ~/Files/Scripts/Mainworks.

我如何使它工作？
但是，cd ~/Files/Scripts/Main有效。

采纳答案by paxdiablo

Since it's an environment variable (alias has a different definition in bash), you need to evaluate it with something like:

由于它是一个环境变量（别名在 中有不同的定义bash），您需要使用以下内容对其进行评估：

cd "${myFold}"

or:

或者：

cp "${myFold}/someFile" /somewhere/else

But I actually find it easier, if you just want the ease of switching into that directory, to create a realalias (in one of the bashstartup files like .bashrc), so I can save keystrokes:

但我实际上发现它更容易，如果您只想轻松切换到该目录，创建一个真正的别名（在一个bash启动文件中，如.bashrc），这样我就可以保存击键：

alias myfold='cd ~/Files/Scripts/Main'

Then you can just use (without the cd):

然后你就可以使用（没有cd）：

myfold

To get rid of the definition, you use unalias. The following transcript shows allof these in action:

要摆脱定义，请使用unalias. 以下成绩单显示了所有这些操作：

pax> cd ; pwd ; ls -ald footy
/home/pax
drwxr-xr-x 2 pax pax 4096 Jul 28 11:00 footy

pax> footydir=/home/pax/footy ; cd "$footydir" ; pwd
/home/pax/footy

pax> cd ; pwd
/home/pax

pax> alias footy='cd /home/pax/footy' ; footy ; pwd
/home/pax/footy

pax> unalias footy ; footy
bash: footy: command not found

回答by hek2mgl

First, you need the $to access "myFold"'s value to make the code in the question work:

首先，您需要$访问“myFold”的值以使问题中的代码起作用：

cd "$myFold"

---

---

To simplify this you create an alias in ~/.bashrc:

为了简化这一点，您可以在~/.bashrc以下位置创建别名：

alias cdmain='cd ~/Files/Scripts/Main'

Don't forget to source the .bashrconce to make the alias become available in the current bash session:

不要忘记源.bashrc一次以使别名在当前 bash 会话中可用：

source ~/.bashrc

Now you can change to the folder using:

现在您可以使用以下方法更改文件夹：

cdmain

回答by shellter

but an actual alias for a dir is also possible, try

但是目录的实际别名也是可能的，请尝试

 myScripts="~/Files/Scripts/Main"
 alias myScripts="cd $myScripts"

This way you have a common naming convention (for each dir/alias pair), and if you need to copy something from the current dir to myScripts, you don't have to think about it.

这样你就有了一个通用的命名约定（对于每个目录/别名对），如果你需要从当前目录复制一些东西到 myScripts，你不必考虑它。

IHTH

IHTH

回答by David W.

First off, you need to remove the quotes:

首先，您需要删除引号：

bashboy@host:~$ myFolder=~/Files/Scripts/Main

The quotes prevent the shell from expanding the tilde to its special meaning of being your $HOMEdirectory.

引号可防止 shell 将波浪号扩展为作为您的$HOME目录的特殊含义。

You could then use $myFolderan environmenta shell variable:

然后，您可以使用$myFolder环境shell 变量：

bashboy@host:~$ cd $myFolder
bashboy@host:~/Files/Scripts/Main$

To make an alias, you need to define the alias:

要创建别名，您需要定义别名：

alias myfolder="cd $myFolder"

You can then treat this sort of like a command:

然后，您可以将此类视为命令：

bashboy@host:~$ myFolder
bashboy@host:~/Files/Scripts/Main$

回答by Rodrigo Martins de Oliveira

You can add any paths you want to the hashtable of your bash:

您可以将您想要的任何路径添加到 bash 的哈希表中：

hash -d <CustomName>=<RealPath>

hash -d <CustomName>=<RealPath>

Now you will be able to cd ~<CustomName>. To make it permanent add it to your bashrcscript.

现在您将能够cd ~<CustomName>。要使其永久添加到您的bashrc脚本中。

Notice that this hashtable is meant to provide a cache for bash not to need to search for content everytime a command is executed, therefore this table will be cleared on events that invalidate the cache, e.g. modifying $PATH.

请注意，此哈希表旨在为 bash 提供缓存，而无需在每次执行命令时搜索内容，因此该表将在使缓存无效的事件（例如修改$PATH.

回答by Benjamin W.

There is a shell option cdable_vars:

有一个 shell 选项cdable_vars：

cdable_vars
If this is set, an argument to the cdbuiltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to.

cdable_vars
如果设置了此参数，cd则假定不是目录的内置命令的参数是变量的名称，该变量的值是要更改到的目录。

You could add this to your .bashrc:

您可以将此添加到您的.bashrc：

shopt -s cdable_vars
export myFold=$HOME/Files/Scripts/Main

Notice that I've replaced the tilde with $HOME; quotes prevent tilde expansion and Bash would complain that there is no directory ~/Files/Scripts/Main.

请注意，我已将波浪号替换为$HOME; 引号会阻止波浪号扩展，Bash 会抱怨没有目录~/Files/Scripts/Main。

Now you can use this as follows:

现在您可以按如下方式使用它：

cd myFold

No $required. That's the whole point, actually – as shown in other answers, cd "$myFold"works without the shell option. cd myFoldalso works if the path in myFoldcontains spaces, no quoting required.

不需要$。实际上，这就是重点——如其他答案所示，在cd "$myFold"没有 shell 选项的情况下工作。cd myFold如果路径中myFold包含空格，也可以使用，不需要引用。

This usually even works with tab autocompletion as the _cdfunction in bash_completionchecks if cdable_varsis set – but not every implementation does it in the same manner, so you might have to source bash_completionagain in your .bashrc(or edit /etc/profileto set the shell option).

这通常甚至适用于选项卡自动完成，因为检查中的_cd函数bash_completion是否cdable_vars已设置 - 但并非每个实现都以相同的方式执行此操作，因此您可能需要bash_completion在您的.bashrc（或编辑/etc/profile以设置 shell 选项）中再次获取源代码。

---

---

Other shells have similar options, for example Zsh (cdablevars).

其他 shell 也有类似的选项，例如 Zsh ( cdablevars)。

回答by dvj

Another option would be to use a symbolic link. ie:

另一种选择是使用符号链接。IE：

ln -s ~/Files/Scripts/Main ~/myFold

After that you can perform operations to ~/myFold, such as:

之后，您可以对 执行操作~/myFold，例如：

cp some_file.txt ~/myFold

which will put the file in ~/Files/Scripts/Main. You can remove the symbolic link at any time with rm ~/myFold, which will keep the original directory.

这会将文件放入~/Files/Scripts/Main. 您可以随时使用 删除符号链接rm ~/myFold，这将保留原始目录。

回答by Mahmoud Bahnasy

Maybe it's better to use links

也许最好使用链接

Soft Link

软链接

Symbolic or soft link (files or directories, more flexible and self documenting)

符号或软链接（文件或目录，更灵活和自我记录）

#      Source                            Link
ln -s /home/jake/doc/test/2000/something /home/jake/xxx

Hard Link

硬链接

Hard link (files only, less flexible and not self documenting)

硬链接（仅限文件，不太灵活且不自记录）

#    Source                            Link
ln /home/jake/doc/test/2000/something /home/jake/xxx

How to create a link to a directory

如何创建指向目录的链接

Hint: If you need not to see the link in your home you can start it with a dot . ; then it will be hidden by default then you can access it like

提示：如果您不需要在家中看到该链接，您可以以点开头。; 那么默认情况下它将被隐藏然后你可以像访问它一样访问它

cd ~/.myHiddelLongDirLink

回答by Chayan Pathak

Put the following line in your myscript

将以下行放在你的 myscript 中

set myFold = '~/Files/Scripts/Main'

In the terminal use

在终端使用

source myscript
cd $myFold

回答by chb

The preceding answers that I tried do not allow for automatic expansion (autocompletion) of subdirectories of the aliased directory.

我尝试的上述答案不允许别名目录的子目录的自动扩展（自动完成）。

However, if you push the directory that you want to alias onto the dirsstack...

但是，如果您将要别名的目录推送到dirs堆栈上......

$ pushd ~/my/aliased/dir

...you can then type dirs -vto see its numeric position in the stack:

...然后您可以键入dirs -v以查看其在堆栈中的数字位置：

 0  ~/my/aliased/dir
 1  ~/Downloads
 2  /media/usbdrive

and refer to it using that number for most if not all commands that expect a directory parameter:

并使用该编号为大多数（如果不是所有）需要目录参数的命令引用它：

 $ mv foo.txt ~0  

You can even use Tabto show the immediate subdirectories of the "aliased" directory:

您甚至可以使用Tab来显示“别名”目录的直接子目录：

 $ cd ~0/<Tab>
 child_dir1    child_dir2