Linux 异步 shell 命令
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Asynchronous shell commands
提问by LorenVS
I'm trying to use a shell script to start a command. I don't care if/when/how/why it finishes. I want the process to start and run, but I want to be able to get back to my shell immediately...
我正在尝试使用 shell 脚本来启动命令。我不在乎它是否/何时/如何/为什么完成。我希望该进程启动并运行，但我希望能够立即返回到我的 shell...
采纳答案by Carl Norum
You can just run the script in the background:
您可以在后台运行脚本：
$ myscript &
Note that this is different from putting the &inside your script, which probably won't do what you want.
请注意，这与将 放入&脚本中不同，后者可能不会执行您想要的操作。
回答by pajton
Alternatively, after you got the program running, you can hit Ctrl-Z which stops your program and then type
或者，在程序运行后，您可以按 Ctrl-Z 停止程序，然后键入
bg
背景
which puts your last stopped program in the background. (Useful if your started something without '&' and still want it in the backgroung without restarting it)
这会将您上次停止的程序置于后台。（如果您在没有 '&' 的情况下启动了一些东西并且仍然希望它在后台而不重新启动它，则很有用）
回答by Steve B.
nohup cmd
doesn't hangup when you close the terminal. output by default goes to nohup.out
关闭终端时不会挂断。默认输出到 nohup.out
You can combine this with backgrounding,
您可以将其与背景相结合，
nohup cmd &
and get rid of the output,
并摆脱输出，
nohup cmd > /dev/null 2>&1 &
you can also disowna command. type cmd, Ctrl-Z, bg, disown
你也可以disown一个命令。类型cmd, Ctrl-Z, bg,disown
回答by Ani Menon
Everyone just forgot disown. So here is a summary:
只是大家都忘记了disown。所以这里是一个总结：
&puts the job in the background.- Makes it block on attempting to read input, and
- Makes the shell not wait for its completion.
disownremoves the process from the shell's job control, but it still leaves it connected to the terminal.- One of the results is that the shell won't send it a
SIGHUP(If the shell receives aSIGHUP, it also sends aSIGHUPto the process, which normally causes the process to terminate). - And obviously, it can only be applied to background jobs(because you cannot enter it when a foreground job is running).
- One of the results is that the shell won't send it a
nohupdisconnects the process from the terminal, redirects its output tonohup.outand shields it fromSIGHUP.- The process won't receive any sent
SIGHUP. - Its completely independent from job control and could in principle be used also for foreground jobs(although that's not very useful).
- Usually used with
&(as a background job).
- The process won't receive any sent
&将工作置于后台。- 使其阻止尝试读取输入，并且
- 使外壳不等待其完成。
disown从 shell 的作业控制中删除进程，但它仍然保持连接到终端。- 结果之一是shell不会向它发送a
SIGHUP（如果shell收到aSIGHUP，它也会向SIGHUP进程发送a ，这通常会导致进程终止）。 - 显然，它只能应用于后台作业（因为在前台作业运行时您无法输入它）。
- 结果之一是shell不会向它发送a
nohup从端子断开过程，它的输出重定向到nohup.out和从屏蔽它SIGHUP。- 该进程不会收到任何已发送的
SIGHUP. - 它完全独立于作业控制，原则上也可以用于前台作业（尽管这不是很有用）。
- 通常与
&（作为后台作业）一起使用。
- 该进程不会收到任何已发送的
回答by mluthra
screen -m -d $command$starts the command in a detached session. You can use screen -rto attach to the started session. It is a wonderful tool, extremely useful also for remote sessions. Read more at man screen.
screen -m -d $command$在分离的会话中启动命令。您可以使用screen -r附加到已启动的会话。这是一个很棒的工具，对于远程会话也非常有用。阅读更多man screen。
