bash 打印错误信息的正确方法
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Proper way of printing out an error message
提问by Robottinosino
Is this line the best way to print out an error message in Bash?
这行是在 Bash 中打印错误消息的最佳方式吗？
echo 'Error: banana' >&2
I need to update tens of Bash scripts which use all different ways of logging errors and I might as well choose the "right" way to do this and adhere to a standard as I do it...
我需要更新数十个使用所有不同方式记录错误的 Bash 脚本，我不妨选择“正确”的方式来做到这一点，并在我做的时候遵守标准......
采纳答案by sehe
On linux, I'd prefer to say
在 linux 上，我更愿意说
echo "Some error message" >> /dev/stderr
This will effectively do the same, of course, since /dev/stderrsymlinks to /proc/$PID/fd/2
当然，这将有效地做同样的事情，因为/dev/stderr符号链接到/proc/$PID/fd/2
回答by uml?ute
at the beginning of my bash-scripts i usually define some functions like:
在我的 bash 脚本开始时，我通常定义一些函数，例如：
error() {
echo "$@" 1>&2
}
fail() {
error "$@"
exit 1
}
which comes quite handy for outputting deadly and ordinary errors.
you could move this snippet into a separate file and sourcethat from your all of your bash-scripts with something like:
这对于输出致命和普通错误非常方便。您可以将此代码段移动到一个单独的文件中，并source从您所有的 bash 脚本中使用以下内容：
. /usr/local/lib/snippets/error_handling.sh
so whenever you decide you need a better way to deal with error messages (e.g. sending critical errors to syslog), you can do so by changing the behaviour for all scripts in one go.
因此，无论何时您决定需要一种更好的方法来处理错误消息（例如，将严重错误发送到系统日志），您都可以通过一次性更改所有脚本的行为来实现。
