如何从 unix 连接到 oracle 数据库
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how to connect to an oracle database from unix
提问by Nidhin_toms
I am trying to connect to an oracle database from my unix machine. I am new to script writing in general. I know how to browse round unix and have written basic scripts ( read / display ) and execute them with bash command. Also I know how to view the variables in unix ( user and system). Could you tell me what i need to do to connect to an oracle database? do I use the sqlplus command? are there any variables I have to set before that?
我正在尝试从我的 unix 机器连接到一个 oracle 数据库。一般来说，我是脚本写作的新手。我知道如何浏览 unix 并编写了基本脚本（读取/显示）并使用 bash 命令执行它们。我也知道如何在unix（用户和系统）中查看变量。你能告诉我我需要做什么才能连接到 oracle 数据库吗？使用 sqlplus 命令？在此之前我必须设置任何变量吗？
采纳答案by Lalit Kumar B
Could you tell me what i need to do to connect to an oracle database? do I use the sqlplus command?
你能告诉我我需要做什么才能连接到 oracle 数据库吗？使用 sqlplus 命令？
Well, yes of course, you need to use SQL*Plus. However, before that, you need to make sure of few things:
嗯，是的，当然，您需要使用 SQL*Plus。但是，在此之前，您需要确保以下几点：
- export ORACLE_HOME variable
- 导出 ORACLE_HOME 变量
For example,
例如，
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
- export PATH variable
- 导出路径变量
For example,
例如，
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
- export SID
- 导出 SID
For example,
例如，
export ORACLE_SID="your database service name"
- Make sure you have the
tnsnames.oraconfigured properly - Make sure you have the
listenerup and running and is listening to the correct port.
- 确保您已
tnsnames.ora正确配置 - 确保您已
listener启动并运行并且正在侦听正确的端口。
You should be able to connect to the database as:
您应该能够以如下方式连接到数据库：
sqlplus username/password@sid
回答by Mayank Kumar
Set ORACLE_HOME & ORACLE_SID environment variable. Then use sqlplus username@ORACLE_SID
设置 ORACLE_HOME 和 ORACLE_SID 环境变量。然后使用sqlplus username@ORACLE_SID
回答by Rajesh Chaudhary
Make sure you've exported all the necessary Oracle variable in your unix user path environment as below:
确保您已在您的 unix 用户路径环境中导出所有必要的 Oracle 变量，如下所示：
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
And Make sure tnsnames.ora file is configured properly and listener should be up and running as below.
并确保 tnsnames.ora 文件配置正确，并且监听器应该如下所示启动并运行。
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ole1)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ tnsping orcl
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-JUL-2017 23:12:35
Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ole1)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (20 msec)
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
192.168.244.128 ole1
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$
Now you've multiple ways to connect database from unix command prompt.
现在您有多种方法可以从 unix 命令提示符连接数据库。
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@orcl
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@orcl
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/[email protected]:1521/orcl
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/[email protected]:1521/orcl
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@//192.168.244.128:1521/orcl
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@//192.168.244.128:1521/orcl
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus "scott/tiger@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=orcl)))"
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus "scott/tiger@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=orcl))) ”
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:29:30 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:30:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/[email protected]:1521/orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:30:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@//192.168.244.128:1521/orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:30:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus "scott/tiger@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=orcl)))"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Jul 13 12:30:23 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
SQL> show user
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$
