使用Python打开shell环境，运行命令退出环境
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Using Python to open a shell environment, run a command and exit environment
提问by user3377586
I'm trying to automate a process using python. If I am just in the terminal the workflow looks like:
我正在尝试使用 python 自动化一个过程。如果我只是在终端中，工作流程如下所示：
user:> . /path/to/env1.sh
user:> python something.py
user:> exit
user:> . /path/to/env2.sh
user:> python something2.py
user:> exit
etc for a few more steps. Each env.shspawns a new script with a whole slew of environment variables and whatnot set within the current directory. I'm pretty sure I need to use subprocess, but I'm not exactly sure how to go about it. Ideally the workflow would go: open new shell --> run some commands --> exit shell --> repeat as necessary.
等几个步骤。每个都会env.sh产生一个新脚本，其中包含大量环境变量以及当前目录中未设置的内容。我很确定我需要使用子流程，但我不确定如何去做。理想情况下，工作流程应该是：打开新外壳 --> 运行一些命令 --> 退出外壳 --> 根据需要重复。
EDIT: It seems some clarification is needed. I understand how to use subprocess.Popen()and subprocess.call()to call things from within the shell that the Python script was called from. This is not what I need. When one calls env.shit sets a whole ton of environment variables and a few other pertinent things and then drops you into a shell to run commands. It is important to note env.shdoes not terminate until one types exitafter running desired commands. Using subprocess.call("./env.sh", shell = True)opens the shell and stops there. It is just like entering the command ./env.shexcept that when one issues the exitcommand, the rest of the python script. So:
编辑：似乎需要一些澄清。我了解如何从调用 Python 脚本的 shell 中使用subprocess.Popen()和subprocess.call()调用事物。这不是我需要的。当一个人调用env.sh它时，它会设置一大堆环境变量和一些其他相关的东西，然后让你进入一个 shell 来运行命令。重要的是要注意在运行所需命令后env.sh直到一种类型才终止exit。使用subprocess.call("./env.sh", shell = True)打开外壳并在那里停止。就像输入命令一样，./env.sh除了当发出exit命令时，python 脚本的其余部分。所以：
subprocess.call(". /path/to/env.sh", shell = True)
subprocess.call("python something.py", shell = True)
Does NOT do what I need it to do, nor does:
不做我需要它做的事情，也不做：
p = subprocess.Popen(". /path/to/env.sh", shell = True)
subprocess.call("python something.py", shell = True)
p.kill()
采纳答案by jfs
As I understand you want to run a command and then pass it other commands:
据我了解，您想运行一个命令，然后将其他命令传递给它：
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
p = Popen("/path/to/env.sh", stdin=PIPE) # set environment, start new shell
p.communicate("python something.py\nexit") # pass commands to the opened shell
回答by A.J. Uppal
You can use subprocess:
您可以使用subprocess：
>>> import subprocess
>>> subprocess.call('python something.py', shell = True)
Or you can use os:
或者你可以使用os：
>>> import os
>>> os.system('python something.py')
Here is an example (turn on your speakers):
这是一个示例（打开扬声器）：
>>> import os
>>> os.system('say Hello')
回答by mgilson
subprocesscalls (particular Popen) accepts an envargument which is a mapping of environement variables to values. You can use that. e.g.
subprocess调用（特别Popen）接受一个env参数，它是环境变量到值的映射。你可以用那个。例如
env = {'FOO': 'Bar', 'HOME': '/path/to/home'}
process = subprocess.Popen(['python', 'something.py'], env=env)
Of course, usually, it's better to just call some functions after *import*ing something.pyinstead of spawning a whole new process.
当然，通常情况下，最好在 *import*ing 之后调用一些函数，something.py而不是产生一个全新的进程。
回答by MLSC
Here is a helpfor you.... For running command you could do:
这是对您的帮助....对于运行命令，您可以执行以下操作：
1)
1)
from subprocess import call
call(["ls", "-l"])
2)
2)
import os
os.system("command")
Example:
例子：
import os
f = os.popen('date')
now = f.read()
print "Today is ", now
For enabling terminal you can import osmodule:
要启用终端，您可以导入os模块：
import os
os.system('python script.py')
Or as mentioned you can use import subprocess
或者如前所述，您可以使用 import subprocess
回答by user3273866
p = subprocess.Popen(". /path/to/env.sh", shell = True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()
subprocess.call("python something.py", shell = True).communicate()
