如何在 Visual Studio 2008 中创建 .dll 以在 C# 应用程序中使用？
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How to create a .dll in Visual Studio 2008 for use in a C# App?
提问by Jon Cage
I have a C++ class I'd like to access from a C# application. I'll need to access the constructor and a single member function. Currently the app accepts data in the form of stl::vectors but I can do some conversion if that's not likely to work?
我有一个 C++ 类，我想从 C# 应用程序访问。我需要访问构造函数和单个成员函数。目前该应用程序接受stl::vectors形式的数据，但如果这不太可能奏效，我可以做一些转换吗？
I've found a few articles online which describe how to call C++ DLLs and some others which describe how to make .dll projects for other purposes. I'm struggling to find a guide to creating them in Visual Studio 2008 for use in a C# app though (there seem to be a few for VS 6.0 but the majority of the options they specify don't seem to appear in the 2008 version).
我在网上找到了几篇文章，它们描述了如何调用 C++ DLL，还有一些文章描述了如何为其他目的制作 .dll 项目。我正在努力寻找在 Visual Studio 2008 中创建它们以在 C# 应用程序中使用的指南（VS 6.0 似乎有一些，但他们指定的大多数选项似乎没有出现在 2008 版本中）。
If anyone has a step-by-step guide or a fairly basic example to get going from, I'd be very grateful.
如果有人有分步指南或相当基本的示例，我将不胜感激。
采纳答案by Bojan Resnik
The easiest way to interoperate between C++ and C# is by using managed C++, or C++/CLI as it is called. In VisualStudio, create a new C++ project of type "CLR Class Library". There is some new syntax for the parts that you want to make available to C#, but you can use regular C++ as usual.
在 C++ 和 C# 之间进行互操作的最简单方法是使用托管 C++，或称为 C++/CLI。在 VisualStudio 中，创建一个类型为“CLR 类库”的新 C++ 项目。对于要提供给 C# 的部分，有一些新语法，但您可以像往常一样使用常规 C++。
In this example, I'm using std::vector<int>just to show that you can use standard types - however, in an actual application, I'd prefer to use the .NET types where possible (in this case a System::Collections::Generic::List<int>).
在这个例子中，我std::vector<int>只是为了表明您可以使用标准类型 - 但是，在实际应用程序中，我更喜欢在可能的情况下使用 .NET 类型（在本例中为 a System::Collections::Generic::List<int>）。
#pragma unmanaged
#include <vector>
#pragma managed
public ref class CppClass
{
public:
CppClass() : vectorOfInts_(new std::vector<int>)
{}
// This is a finalizer, run when GC collects the managed object
!CppClass()
{ delete vectorOfInts_; }
void Add(int n)
{ vectorOfInts_->push_back(n); }
private:
std::vector<int>* vectorOfInts_;
};
EDIT:Changed the class to hold the vector by pointer instead of by value.
编辑：更改了类以通过指针而不是值来保存向量。
回答by Number8
Do you have an existing C++ exe that you want to re-build as a dll? Or is all you have the C++ class?
If all you have is the C++ class, you might think about building a .Net dll. While you couldn't pass stl types from C# to C++, I am pretty sure you can pass managed .Net types.
If you must use the stl types in the class, you could convert the data in the C++ class, or the calling app.
您是否有要重新构建为 dll 的现有 C++ exe？或者你只有 C++ 类？
如果您只有 C++ 类，您可能会考虑构建一个 .Net dll。虽然您无法将 stl 类型从 C# 传递到 C++，但我很确定您可以传递托管的 .Net 类型。
如果必须在类中使用 stl 类型，则可以在 C++ 类或调用应用程序中转换数据。
回答by ChrisBD
Use of unmanaged C++ Dlls can be very tedious in C#.
在 C# 中使用非托管 C++ Dll 可能非常乏味。
An "easier" route is to place it in a COM wrapper.
“更简单”的方法是将其放置在 COM 包装器中。
回答by Anzurio
If such DLL is unmanaged. You will have to use P/invoke. A p/invoke function definition looks like this:
如果此类 DLL 是非托管的。您将不得不使用 P/invoke。p/invoke 函数定义如下所示：
[DllImport("Library_Name.dll", EntryPoint = "function")]
public static extern void function();
If, on the other hand, is a managed (C++/CLI) DLL (or assembly). You can access it by adding a reference to it on your .NET project.
另一方面，如果是托管 (C++/CLI) DLL（或程序集）。您可以通过在 .NET 项目中添加对它的引用来访问它。
EDIT:I think I didn't answer your question at all. But to create a managed C++ DLL to be accessed from .NET, create a new project an choose: Visual C++/CLR/Class Library. And then, just add its output DLL to your C# project.
编辑：我想我根本没有回答你的问题。但是要创建可从 .NET 访问的托管 C++ DLL，请创建一个新项目并选择：Visual C++/CLR/Class Library。然后，只需将其输出 DLL 添加到您的 C# 项目中。
That'd do it. :)
就可以了。:)
回答by Jon Cage
I've found a tutorialwhich works. A quick note though, you have to be careful to copy the .dll into the same directory as the executable. I messed around with trying to tell the executable where the DLL was but gave up in the end.
我找到了一个有效的教程。但是，请注意，您必须小心将 .dll 复制到与可执行文件相同的目录中。我试图告诉可执行文件 DLL 的位置，但最终放弃了。
