python中的月份名称到月份编号，反之亦然
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month name to month number and vice versa in python
提问by Mark_Masoul
I am trying to create a function that can convert a month number to an abbreviated month name or an abbreviated month name to a month number. I thought this might be a common question but I could not find it online.
我正在尝试创建一个函数，该函数可以将月份编号转换为月份缩写名称或月份缩写名称转换为月份编号。我认为这可能是一个常见问题，但我在网上找不到。
I was thinking about the calendarmodule. I see that to convert from month number to abbreviated month name you can just do calendar.month_abbr[num]. I do not see a way to go the other direction though. Would creating a dictionary for converting the other direction be the best way to handle this? Or is there a better way to go from month name to month number and vice versa?
我在考虑日历模块。我看到要将月份数字转换为缩写的月份名称，您可以这样做calendar.month_abbr[num]。不过，我看不到另一个方向。创建用于转换另一个方向的字典是处理此问题的最佳方法吗？或者有没有更好的方法从月份名称到月份编号，反之亦然？
采纳答案by David Z
Creating a reverse dictionary would be a reasonable way to do this, because it's pretty simple:
创建一个反向字典是一个合理的方法，因为它非常简单：
import calendar
dict((v,k) for k,v in enumerate(calendar.month_abbr))
or in recent versions of Python (2.7+) which support dictionary comprehension:
或者在支持字典理解的最新版本的 Python (2.7+) 中：
{v: k for k,v in enumerate(calendar.month_abbr)}
回答by Mark Bailey
Just for fun:
只是为了好玩：
from time import strptime
strptime('Feb','%b').tm_mon
回答by Gi0rgi0s
Here's yet another way to do it.
这是另一种方法。
monthToNum(shortMonth):
return{
'Jan' : 1,
'Feb' : 2,
'Mar' : 3,
'Apr' : 4,
'May' : 5,
'Jun' : 6,
'Jul' : 7,
'Aug' : 8,
'Sep' : 9,
'Oct' : 10,
'Nov' : 11,
'Dec' : 12
}[shortMonth]
回答by diogobernardino
回答by Aleksandr Aleksandrov
One more:
多一个：
def month_converter(month):
months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']
return months.index(month) + 1
回答by harryh
Here is a more comprehensive method that can also accept full month names
这里有一个更全面的方法，也可以接受完整的月份名称
def month_string_to_number(string):
m = {
'jan': 1,
'feb': 2,
'mar': 3,
'apr':4,
'may':5,
'jun':6,
'jul':7,
'aug':8,
'sep':9,
'oct':10,
'nov':11,
'dec':12
}
s = string.strip()[:3].lower()
try:
out = m[s]
return out
except:
raise ValueError('Not a month')
example:
例子：
>>> month_string_to_number("October")
10
>>> month_string_to_number("oct")
10
回答by Kenly
To get month name using month number, you can use time:
要使用月份编号获取月份名称，您可以使用time：
import time
mn = 11
print time.strftime('%B', time.struct_time((0, mn, 0,)+(0,)*6))
'November'
And to get month number using the month name:
并使用月份名称获取月份编号：
time.strptime("Nov", "%b").tm_mon
11
# or
time.strptime("November", "%B").tm_mon
11
回答by theBuzzyCoder
Information source: Python Docs
信息来源：Python Docs
To get month number from month name use datetime module
要从月份名称中获取月份编号，请使用 datetime 模块
import datetime
month_number = datetime.datetime.strptime(month_name, '%b').month
# To get month name
In [2]: datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime.datetime.now(), '%a %b %d, %Y')
Out [2]: 'Thu Aug 10, 2017'
# To get just the month name, %b gives abbrevated form, %B gives full month name
# %b => Jan
# %B => January
dateteime.datetime.strftime(datetime_object, '%b')
回答by thescoop
Building on ideas expressed above, This is effective for changing a month name to its appropriate month number:
基于上面表达的想法，这对于将月份名称更改为其适当的月份编号是有效的：
from time import strptime
monthWord = 'september'
newWord = monthWord [0].upper() + monthWord [1:3].lower()
# converted to "Sep"
print(strptime(newWord,'%b').tm_mon)
# "Sep" converted to "9" by strptime
回答by user12643768
form month name to number
d=['JAN','FEB','MAR','April','MAY','JUN','JUL','AUG','SEP','OCT','NOV','DEC']
N=input()
for i in range(len(d)):
if d[i] == N:
month=(i+1)
print(month)
