Python：MySQLdb 和“库未加载：libmysqlclient.16.dylib”
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Python: MySQLdb and "Library not loaded: libmysqlclient.16.dylib"
提问by rennat
The setup...
设置...
Trying to set up a clean Mac os X 10.6 install to develop python/django and I didn't remember running into this on 10.5.
尝试设置一个干净的 Mac os X 10.6 安装来开发 python/django，我不记得在 10.5 上遇到过这个问题。
After installing MySQL from the installer on mysql-5.5.8-osx10.6-x86_64.dmgI ran
从安装程序安装 MySQL 后，mysql-5.5.8-osx10.6-x86_64.dmg我跑了
$ sudo pip install MySQL-python
and it seemed to go smoothly (output below)
它似乎进行得很顺利（下面的输出）
Downloading/unpacking MySQL-python
Downloading MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz (70Kb): 70Kb downloaded
Running setup.py egg_info for package MySQL-python
warning: no files found matching 'MANIFEST'
warning: no files found matching 'ChangeLog'
warning: no files found matching 'GPL'
Installing collected packages: MySQL-python
Running setup.py install for MySQL-python
building '_mysql' extension
gcc-4.2 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -Os -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DENABLE_DTRACE -pipe -Dversion_info=(1,2,3,'final',0) -D__version__=1.2.3 -I/usr/local/mysql/include -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/_mysql.o -Os -g -fno-common -fno-strict-aliasing -arch x86_64
In file included from _mysql.c:36:
/usr/local/mysql/include/my_config.h:325:1: warning: "SIZEOF_SIZE_T" redefined
In file included from /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6/Python.h:9,
from pymemcompat.h:10,
from _mysql.c:29:
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6/pymacconfig.h:33:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition
In file included from _mysql.c:36:
/usr/local/mysql/include/my_config.h:419:1: warning: "HAVE_WCSCOLL" redefined
In file included from /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6/Python.h:8,
from pymemcompat.h:10,
from _mysql.c:29:
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6/pyconfig.h:803:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition
gcc-4.2 -Wl,-F. -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup build/temp.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/_mysql.o -L/usr/local/mysql/lib -lmysqlclient_r -lpthread -o build/lib.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/_mysql.so -arch x86_64
warning: no files found matching 'MANIFEST'
warning: no files found matching 'ChangeLog'
warning: no files found matching 'GPL'
Successfully installed MySQL-python
Cleaning up...
after this I tried:
在这之后我试过：
$ python -c "import MySQLdb"
and it crapped out on me with:
它对我大发雷霆：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 19, in <module>
import _mysql
ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/_mysql.so, 2): Library not loaded: libmysqlclient.16.dylib
Referenced from: /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/_mysql.so
Reason: image not found
So on to my question...
那么继续我的问题...
What did I do wrong?/What else do I need to do?
我做错了什么？/我还需要做什么？
Googling (and searching here) for this returns a lot of results getting this error message with Ruby not too many with Python tho.
谷歌搜索（并在此处搜索）会返回很多结果，使用 Ruby 获得此错误消息，而使用 Python 则不会太多。
采纳答案by Brian Clapper
_mysql.sorefers to libmysqlclient.16.dylib. That is, the shared library that serves as the bridge between Python and the MySQL client library, _mysql.so, refers to the dynamic library for the MySQL client library, and that library cannot be loaded for some reason.
_mysql.so指的是libmysqlclient.16.dylib。也就是说，作为 Python 和 MySQL 客户端库之间桥梁的共享库_mysql.so，指的是MySQL 客户端库的动态库，由于某些原因无法加载该库。
Questions you need to answer:
您需要回答的问题：
- Is there a
libmysqlclient.16.dylibanywhere on your system? If not, you need to install the MySQL client software. - If so, is the directory containing that library in your
DYLD_LIBRARY_PATHsetting? If not, try adding it. - If so, you'll have to ensure that the
libmysqlclient.16.dylibfile is not corrupt. My copy, installed in/opt/local/lib/mysql5/mysql/libmysqlclient.16.dylib, courtesy of MacPorts, has MD5 signaturec79ee91af08057dfc269ee212915801aand is 1,462,376 bytes in size. What does your copy look like?
libmysqlclient.16.dylib你的系统上有任何地方吗？如果没有，则需要安装 MySQL 客户端软件。- 如果是这样，您的
DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH设置中是否包含该库的目录？如果没有，请尝试添加它。 - 如果是这样，您必须确保
libmysqlclient.16.dylib文件没有损坏。我的副本安装在/opt/local/lib/mysql5/mysql/libmysqlclient.16.dylib，由 MacPorts 提供，具有 MD5 签名c79ee91af08057dfc269ee212915801a，大小为 1,462,376 字节。你的副本是什么样的？
回答by lukmdo
Just set the DYLD_LIBRARY_PATHafter running pip installor easy_install:
只需设置DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH后运行pip install或easy_install：
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/mysql/lib/
Should do the job assuming your MySQL installation lives under /usr/local/mysql.
假设您的 MySQL 安装位于/usr/local/mysql.
回答by Catherine Devlin
It can also crop up if your MySQL client is newer than your MySQL-python package. In my case, I had a libmysqlclient_r.18.dylib on my machine, but not a libmysqlclient_r.16.dylib. Running pip search mysqlrevealed
如果您的 MySQL 客户端比您的 MySQL-python 包更新，它也会出现。就我而言，我的机器上有一个 libmysqlclient_r.18.dylib，但没有 libmysqlclient_r.16.dylib。跑步pip search mysql揭秘
MySQL-python - Python interface to MySQL INSTALLED: 1.2.3 LATEST: 1.2.3c1
MySQL-python - MySQL 的 Python 接口已安装：1.2.3 最新：1.2.3c1
and running pip install --upgrade MySQL-pythonfixed my problem.
运行pip install --upgrade MySQL-python解决了我的问题。
回答by msbanik
After easy_install, I create a soft link that solved the problem
在easy_install之后，我创建了一个解决问题的软链接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib /usr/local/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib
回答by Anton Danilchenko
On the latest version of MySQL 5.7.9it's no support from MySQL-pythonand I used the PyMySQLlibrary instead. Also I added in manage.py(in Django project) these lines to emulate API of MySQL-python:
在最新版本的MySQL 5.7.9 上，它不支持MySQL-python，我改用了该PyMySQL库。我还添加了manage.py（在 Django 项目中）这些行来模拟 MySQL-python 的 API：
try:
# load MySQLdb interface emulation
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
except ImportError:
pass
回答by Giannis
On my setup (mysql 5.7.x from brew, pyenv), I had a newer lib file libmysqlclient.20.dylib. What worked was to pip uninstall MySQL-pythonand pip install MySQL-python.
在我的设置中（来自 brew、pyenv 的 mysql 5.7.x），我有一个更新的 lib 文件libmysqlclient.20.dylib. 有效的是 topip uninstall MySQL-python和pip install MySQL-python。
回答by kip2
For those like me who need - or have - both MySQLdb & PyMySQL installed (in my case, I needed to have both installed because I use PyMySQL to connect to my local MySQL instances, and MySQLDb for remote/live instances):
对于像我这样需要 - 或已经 - 安装 MySQLdb 和 PyMySQL 的人（在我的情况下，我需要安装两个，因为我使用 PyMySQL 连接到我的本地 MySQL 实例，而 MySQLDb 用于远程/实时实例）：
Be sure you're using the right URI scheme. To access the local instances:
确保您使用了正确的 URI 方案。访问本地实例：
LOCAL_DATABASE_URI = 'mysql+pymysql://username:password@hostname/dbname'
and for live:
和现场：
REMOTE_DATABASE_URI = 'mysql+mysqldb://username:password@hostname/dbname'
Making this distinction solved the issue for me
做出这种区分为我解决了这个问题
