node.js 使用 NPM 安装软件包时，您能告诉它使用其依赖项之一的不同版本吗？
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When installing a package with NPM, can you tell it to use a different version of one of its dependencies?
提问by Lance Pollard
Say you want to install a library lib-awhich has dependencies dep-1and dep-2. If lib-ahas declared in its package.json to use a version of dep-2that is out of date (say it doesn't work on node 0.8.0 which just came out), but there is a branch of dep-2that works with node 0.8.0 - branch name node0.8.0.
假设您要安装一个lib-a具有依赖项dep-1和dep-2. 如果lib-a在它的 package.json 中声明使用一个dep-2过时的版本（说它在刚刚出现的节点 0.8.0 上不起作用），但是有一个分支dep-2可以用于节点 0.8.0 -分行名称node0.8.0。
So the packages in the equation are:
所以等式中的包是：
git://github.com/user-a/lib-a
git://github.com/user-b/dep-1
git://github.com/user-c/dep-2
git://github.com/user-c/dep-2#node0.8.0
Is there a way to tell NPM to install lib-a, but use dep-2#node0.8.0instead of dep-2?
有没有办法告诉 NPM 安装lib-a，但使用dep-2#node0.8.0而不是dep-2？
With NPM you can install a specific branch of a project like this:
使用 NPM，您可以像这样安装项目的特定分支：
npm install git://github.com/user-c/dep-2#node0.8.0
And if I were to customize the package.json of lib-a, you could tell it to use dep-2#node0.8.0like this:
如果我要自定义 的 package.json lib-a，你可以告诉它dep-2#node0.8.0像这样使用：
{
"name": "lib-a",
"dependencies": {
"dep-1": ">= 1.5.0",
"dep-2": "git://github.com/user-c/dep-2#node0.8.0"
}
}
By modifying the package.json you can then run
通过修改 package.json 然后你可以运行
npm install lib-a
and it will install the node 0.8.0 compatible dep-2branch. But, that requires I have access to modifying lib-a, which for my specific case I don't. Technically, I could fork lib-aand make the above change to package.json. But in my specific case, lib-ais a dependency of anotherlibrary, so I'd have to fork the project it's referenced in, and on and on...
它将安装 node 0.8.0 兼容dep-2分支。但是，这要求我有权访问 modify lib-a，而对于我的特定情况，我没有。从技术上讲，我可以 forklib-a并对 package.json 进行上述更改。但在我的特定情况下，lib-a是另一个库的依赖项，所以我必须分叉它引用的项目，等等......
So the question is, is there a way to tell NPM to install lib-a, and tell it to use the node0.8.0branch of dep-2? Something like this:
所以问题是，有没有办法告诉 NPM 安装lib-a，并告诉它使用 的node0.8.0分支dep-2？像这样的东西：
npm install lib-a --overrides dep-2:git://github.com/user-c/dep-2#node0.8.0
That would be awesome. If it's not possible, that would be good to know so I can prepare myself to have to fork/customize the chain of projects.
那将是真棒。如果不可能，那最好知道，这样我就可以为必须分叉/定制项目链做好准备。
采纳答案by micnic
NPM install syntax:
NPM 安装语法：
npm install (with no args in a package dir)
npm install <tarball file>
npm install <tarball url>
npm install <folder>
npm install [@<scope>/]<name> [--save|--save-dev|--save-optional] [--save-exact]
npm install [@<scope>/]<name>@<tag>
npm install [@<scope>/]<name>@<version>
npm install [@<scope>/]<name>@<version range>
npm i (with any of the previous argument usage)
so you can choose one of these methods to install your modules.
所以你可以选择这些方法之一来安装你的模块。
The case of the simplest way to install a specific version is this one:
安装特定版本的最简单方法的情况是：
npm install [email protected]
more info: https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/install
