查找连接到 Linux 机器的所有存储设备
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Find all storage devices attached to a Linux machine
提问by warren
I have a need to find all of the writable storage devices attached to a given machine, whether or notthey are mounted.
我需要找到连接到给定机器的所有可写存储设备，无论它们是否已安装。
The dopey way to do this would be to tryevery entry in /devthat corresponds to a writable devices (hd* and sd*)......
这样做的笨方法是尝试/dev与可写设备相对应的每个条目（hd* and sd*）......
Is there a better solution, or should I stick with this one?
有没有更好的解决方案，还是我应该坚持使用这个解决方案？
采纳答案by Steve Baker
/proc/partitionswill list all the block devices and partitions that the system recognizes. You can then try using file -s <device>to determine what kind of filesystem is present on the partition, if any.
/proc/partitions将列出系统识别的所有块设备和分区。然后，您可以尝试使用file -s <device>来确定分区上存在哪种文件系统（如果有）。
回答by Mark Baker
Modern linux systems will normally only have entries in /dev for devices that exist, so going through hda* and sda* as you suggest would work fairly well.
现代 linux 系统通常只在 /dev 中包含存在设备的条目，因此按照您的建议通过 hda* 和 sda* 会工作得很好。
Otherwise, there may be something in /proc you can use. From a quick look in there, I'd have said /proc/partitions looks like it could do what you need.
否则，您可以使用 /proc 中的某些内容。快速浏览一下，我会说 /proc/partitions 看起来可以满足您的需求。
回答by Mihai Limb??an
ls /sys/block
ls /sys/block
回答by Mark Baker
libsysfs does look potentially useful, but not directly from a shell script. There's a program that comes with it called systool which will do what you want, though it may be easier to just look in /sys directly rather than using another program to do it for you.
libsysfs 看起来确实很有用，但不是直接来自 shell 脚本。它附带了一个名为 systool 的程序，它可以执行您想要的操作，尽管直接查看 /sys 可能比使用其他程序为您执行此操作更容易。
回答by ZungBang
Using HAL (kernel 2.6.17 and up):
使用 HAL（内核 2.6.17 及更高版本）：
#! /bin/bash
hal-find-by-property --key volume.fsusage --string filesystem |
while read udi ; do
# ignore optical discs
if [[ "$(hal-get-property --udi $udi --key volume.is_disc)" == "false" ]]; then
dev=$(hal-get-property --udi $udi --key block.device)
fs=$(hal-get-property --udi $udi --key volume.fstype)
echo $dev": "$fs
fi
done
回答by Maxim Veksler
You can always do fdisk -lwhich seems to work pretty well, even on strange setups such as EC2 xvda devices.
fdisk -l即使在 EC2 xvda 设备之类的奇怪设置上，您也可以随时执行似乎运行良好的操作。
Here is a dump for a m1.large instance:
这是一个 m1.large 实例的转储：
root@ip-10-126-247-82:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/xvda1: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders, total 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/xvda1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/xvda2: 365.0 GB, 365041287168 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 44380 cylinders, total 712971264 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/xvda2 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/xvda3: 939 MB, 939524096 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 114 cylinders, total 1835008 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/xvda3 doesn't contain a valid partition table
While mountsays:
虽然mount说：
root@ip-10-126-247-82:~# mount
/dev/xvda1 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/xvda2 on /mnt type ext3 (rw)
And /proc/partitionssays:
并/proc/partitions说：
root@ip-10-126-247-82:~# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
202 1 10485760 xvda1
202 2 356485632 xvda2
202 3 917504 xvda3
Side Note
边注
How fdisk -lworks is something I would love to know myself.
如何fdisk -l工作是我很想知道我自己。
回答by THESorcerer
you can also try lsblk... is in util-linux ... but i have a question too
你也可以试试lsblk... 在 util-linux ... 但我也有一个问题
fdisk -l /dev/sdl
no result
没有结果
grep sdl /proc/partitions
8 176 15632384 sdl
8 177 15628288 sdl1
lsblk | grep sdl
sdl 8:176 1 14.9G 0 disk
`-sdl1 8:177 1 14.9G 0 part
fdisk is good but not that good ... seems like it cannot "see" everything
fdisk 很好，但不是那么好......似乎它无法“看到”一切
in my particular example i have a stick that have also a card reader build in it and i can see only the stick using fdisk:
在我的特定示例中，我有一根棍子，其中还内置了读卡器，并且使用 fdisk 只能看到棍子：
fdisk -l /dev/sdk
Disk /dev/sdk: 15.9 GB, 15931539456 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1936 cylinders, total 31116288 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xbe24be24
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdk1 * 8192 31116287 15554048 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
but not the card (card being /dev/sdl)
但不是卡（卡是/dev/sdl）
also, file -s is inefficient ...
此外，文件 -s 效率低下......
file -s /dev/sdl1
/dev/sdl1: sticky x86 boot sector, code offset 0x52, OEM-ID "NTFS ", sectors/cluster 8, reserved sectors 0, Media descriptor 0xf8, heads 255, hidden sectors 8192, dos < 4.0 BootSector (0x0)
that's nice ... BUT
那很好……但是
fdisk -l /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb1 2048 156301487 78149720 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb2 156301488 160086527 1892520 82 Linux swap / Solaris
file -s /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: sticky parted /dev/sdl print
Model: Mass Storage Device (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdl: 16.0GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 4194kB 16.0GB 16.0GB primary ntfs
arted /dev/sdb print
Model: ATA Maxtor 6Y080P0 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 82.0GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 80.0GB 80.0GB primary raid
2 80.0GB 82.0GB 1938MB primary linux-swap(v1)
to see information about a disk that cannot be accesed by fdisk, you can use parted:
要查看有关 fdisk 无法访问的磁盘的信息，您可以使用 parted：
##代码##