在Ubuntu 20.04/18.04/16.04 LTS上安装Microsoft SQL Server 2019
时间：2020-02-23 14:40:48 来源:igfitidea点击:
MS SQL是Microsoft的关系数据库系统，于2015年开源。在本教程中，我将指导我们完成在Ubuntu 20.04/18.04/16.04 Linux系统上安装MS SQL Server 2019的步骤。此外，我们还将研究如何创建数据库，添加用户以及最后如何对数据库进行日常备份。
以下是在Ubuntu 20.04/18.04/16.04服务器上运行MS SQL的最低系统要求：最低内存为2 GBCPU处理器，最低速度为1.4 GHz。但建议>> 2 GHz SQL Server至少需要10 GB的可用硬盘空间
在Ubuntu 20.04/18.04/16.04 LTS上安装MS SQL Server
请按照以下步骤在Ubuntu 20.04/18.04/16.04上安装和配置MS SQL数据库服务器：
更新Ubuntu系统
与往常一样，我们确保在添加任何新软件包之前更新所有系统软件包：
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get -y upgrade
如果完成了内核更新，请确保完成重新引导，以使系统引导到新内核中。
sudo reboot
导入公共存储库GPG密钥：
为系统添加GPG密钥以信任MS SQL apt存储库软件包：
sudo wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add
添加Microsoft SQL Server 2019 Ubuntu存储库：
将Microsoft SQL Server 2019 APT存储库添加到Ubuntu 20.04/18.04/16.04系统。
Ubuntu 20.04
sudo add-apt-repository "$(wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/18.04/mssql-server-2019.list)"
Ubuntu 18.04
sudo add-apt-repository "$(wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/18.04/mssql-server-2019.list)"
Ubuntu 16.04：
sudo add-apt-repository "$(wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/16.04/mssql-server-2019.list)"
在Ubuntu 20.04/18.04/16.04 LTS上安装MS SQL Server 2019
现在运行以下命令来安装SQL Server：
sudo apt update sudo apt install mssql-server
按y键开始在Ubuntu 20.04/18.04/16.04上安装Microsoft SQL Server 2019.
Recommended packages: libc-dbg libcc1-0 gdbserver The following NEW packages will be installed: gawk gdb libbabeltrace1 libc++1 libc++1-10 libc++abi1-10 libdw1 libmpfr6 libpython2-stdlib libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit libsigsegv2 libsss-nss-idmap0 mssql-server python-is-python2 python2 python2-minimal python2.7 python2.7-minimal 0 upgraded, 21 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded. Need to get 235 MB of archives. After this operation, 1,101 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
输出类似于以下内容：
.... Unpacking mssql-server (15.0.4033.1-2) ... Setting up libdw1:amd64 (0.176-1.1build1) ... Setting up gawk (1:5.0.1+dfsg-1) ... Setting up libsasl2-modules:amd64 (2.1.27+dfsg-2) ... Setting up libpython2.7-stdlib:amd64 (2.7.18~rc1-2) ... Setting up libbabeltrace1:amd64 (1.5.8-1build1) ... Setting up libc++abi1-10:amd64 (1:10.0.0-4ubuntu1) ... Setting up libsss-nss-idmap0 (2.2.3-3) ... Setting up libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit:amd64 (2.1.27+dfsg-2) ... Setting up libc++1-10:amd64 (1:10.0.0-4ubuntu1) ... Setting up python2.7 (2.7.18~rc1-2) ... Setting up libpython2-stdlib:amd64 (2.7.17-2ubuntu4) ... Setting up python2 (2.7.17-2ubuntu4) ... Setting up gdb (9.1-0ubuntu1) ... Setting up python-is-python2 (2.7.17-4) ... Setting up libc++1:amd64 (1:10.0-50~exp1) ... Setting up mssql-server (15.0.4033.1-2) ... debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog debconf: (Dialog frontend requires a screen at least 13 lines tall and 31 columns wide.) debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Readline debconf: (Can't locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you Jan need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30.0 /usr/local/share/perl/5.30.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.30 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30 /usr/share/perl/5.30 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.) debconf: falling back to frontend: Teletype +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Please run 'sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup' to complete the setup of Microsoft SQL Server +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ... Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9) ...
在Ubuntu 20.04/18.04/16.04上初始化MS SQL Server 2019
安装完成后，通过运行initialsetup/opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup继续设置root用户密码。
$sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup Choose an edition of SQL Server: 1) Evaluation (free, no production use rights, 180-day limit) 2) Developer (free, no production use rights) 3) Express (free) 4) Web (PAID) 5) Standard (PAID) 6) Enterprise (PAID) 7) Enterprise Core (PAID) 8) I bought a license through a retail sales channel and have a product key to enter. Details about editions can be found at https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=852748&clcid=0x409 Use of PAID editions of this software requires separate licensing through a Microsoft Volume Licensing program. By choosing a PAID edition, you are verifying that you have the appropriate number of licenses in place to install and run this software. Enter your edition(1-8): 2 The license terms for this product can be found in /usr/share/doc/mssql-server or downloaded from: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=855862&clcid=0x409 The privacy statement can be viewed at: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=853010&clcid=0x409 Do you accept the license terms? [Yes/No]:Yes Enter the SQL Server system administrator password: <SetStrongNewPassword> Confirm the SQL Server system administrator password: <ConfirmStrongPassword> Configuring SQL Server... ForceFlush is enabled for this instance. ForceFlush feature is enabled for log durability. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mssql-server.service → /lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service. Setup has completed successfully. SQL Server is now starting.
MS SQL服务应启动。
$systemctl status mssql-server.service
● mssql-server.service - Microsoft SQL Server Database Engine
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2017-05-05 21:08:00 CEST; 26s ago
Docs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux
Main PID: 3626 (sqlservr)
Tasks: 135
Memory: 592.1M
CGroup: /system.slice/mssql-server.service
├─3626 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
└─3669 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
Jan 05 21:08:05 ubuntu-4gb-hel1-1 sqlservr[3669]: [78B blob data]
Jan 05 21:08:05 ubuntu-4gb-hel1-1 sqlservr[3669]: [84B blob data]
Jan 05 21:08:05 ubuntu-4gb-hel1-1 sqlservr[3669]: [145B blob data]
Jan 05 21:08:05 ubuntu-4gb-hel1-1 sqlservr[3669]: [96B blob data]
Jan 05 21:08:05 ubuntu-4gb-hel1-1 sqlservr[3669]: [66B blob data]
Jan 05 21:08:06 ubuntu-4gb-hel1-1 sqlservr[3669]: [75B blob data]
Jan 05 21:08:06 ubuntu-4gb-hel1-1 sqlservr[3669]: [96B blob data]
Jan 05 21:08:06 ubuntu-4gb-hel1-1 sqlservr[3669]: [100B blob data]
Jan 05 21:08:06 ubuntu-4gb-hel1-1 sqlservr[3669]: [71B blob data]
Jan 05 21:08:06 ubuntu-4gb-hel1-1 sqlservr[3669]: [124B blob data]
安装MS SQL工具和unixODBC插件
现在安装安装MS SQL工具和unixODBC插件：
Ubuntu 20.04：
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/19.10/prod.list > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list sudo apt update sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt install mssql-tools unixodbc-dev
Ubuntu 18.04：
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/18.04/prod.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/msprod.list sudo apt update sudo sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt install mssql-tools unixodbc-dev
Ubuntu 16.04：
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/16.04/prod.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/msprod.list sudo apt update sudo sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt install mssql-tools unixodbc-dev
为MS SQL二进制文件配置PATH
在bash shell中将/opt/mssql-tools/bin /添加到yourPATHenvironment变量中。
要使bash shell中的sqlcmd/bcp可访问以进行登录会话，请使用以下命令在~/.bash_profile文件中修改yourPATH：
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile
要使bash shell中的sqlcmd/bcp可访问以进行交互式/非登录会话，请使用以下命令修改~/.bashrc文件中的PATH：
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc source ~/.bashrc
连接到MS SQL控制台：
# sqlcmd -S 127.0.0.1 -U SA Password: 1> create database testDB;
获取列表数据库：
1> select name from sys.databases; 2> go name ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- master tempdb model msdb testDB (5 rows affected)
