bash 使用 mv 仅将文件从多个目录递归移动到一个目录中
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Move only files recursively from multiple directories into one directory with mv
提问by user1067257
I currently have ~40k RAW images that are in a nested directory structure. (Some folders have as many as 100 subfolders filled with files.) I would like to move them all into one master directory, with no subfolders. How could this be accomplished using mv? I know the -rswitch will copy recursively, but this copies folders as well, and I do not wish to have subdirectories in the master folder.
我目前有大约 40k RAW 图像，它们位于嵌套目录结构中。（有些文件夹有多达 100 个装满文件的子文件夹。）我想将它们全部移动到一个主目录中，没有子文件夹。如何使用mv? 我知道-rswitch 会递归复制，但这也会复制文件夹，我不希望在主文件夹中有子目录。
回答by gniourf_gniourf
If your photos are in /path/to/photos/and its subdirectories, and you want to move then in /path/to/master/, and you want to select them by extension .jpg, .JPG, .png, .PNG, etc.:
如果你的照片是在/path/to/photos/和它的子目录，并希望在移动然后/path/to/master/，并且要通过扩展来选择它们.jpg，.JPG，.png，.PNG，等：
find /path/to/photos \( -iname '*.jpg' -o -iname '*.png' \) -type f -exec mv -nv -t '/path/to/master' -- {} +
If you don't want to filter by extension, and just move everything (i.e., all the files):
如果您不想按扩展名过滤，只需移动所有内容（即所有文件）：
find /path/to/photos -type f -exec mv -nv -t '/path/to/master' -- {} +
The -noption so as to not overwrite existing files (optional if you don't care) and -voption so that mvshows what it's doing (very optional).
-n不覆盖现有文件的选项（如果您不关心，则-v可选）和选项，以便mv显示它在做什么（非常可选）。
The -toption to mvis to specify the target directory, so that we can stack all the files to be moved at the end of the command (see the +delimiter of -exec). If your mvdoesn't support -t:
该-t选项mv是指定目标目录，这样我们就可以堆叠中的所有文件，在命令结束（见要移动+的分隔符-exec）。如果您mv不支持-t：
find /path/to/photos \( -iname '*.jpg' -o -iname '*.png' \) -type f -exec mv -nv -- {} '/path/to/master' \;
but this will be less efficient, as one instance of mvwill be created for each file.
但这会降低效率，因为mv将为每个文件创建一个实例。
Btw, this movesthe files, it doesn't copythem.
顺便说一句，这会移动文件，而不是复制它们。
Remarks.
评论。
- The directory
/path/to/mastermust already exist (it will not be created by this command). - Make sure the directory
/path/to/masteris notin/path/to/photos. It would make the thing awkward!
- 该目录
/path/to/master必须已经存在（它不会被此命令创建）。 - 确保目录
/path/to/master是不是在/path/to/photos。这会让事情变得尴尬！
回答by anubhava
Make use of -execdiroption of find:
使用以下-execdir选项find：
find /path/of/images -type f -execdir mv '{}' /master-dir \;
As per man find:
根据man find：
-execdir utility [argument ...] ;
The -execdir primary is identical to the -exec primary with the exception that
utility will be executed from the directory that holds the current
file. The filename substituted for the string ``{}'' is not qualified.
Since -execdirmakes findexecute given command from each directory therefore only base filename is moved without any parent path of the file.
由于-execdir使find从每个目录执行给定的命令，因此只移动基本文件名而没有文件的任何父路径。
回答by WhyteWolf
find <base location of files> -type -f -name \*\.raw -exec mv {} master \;
回答by Mika?l Mayer
If your hierachy is only one level deep, here is another way using the automated tools of StringSolver:
如果您的层次结构只有一层深，这是使用StringSolver自动化工具的另一种方法：
mv -a firstfolder/firstfile.raw firstfile.raw
The -aoptions immediately applies the similar transformation to all similar files at a nesting level 1 (i.e. for all other subfolders).
If you do not trust the system, you can use other options such as -eto explain the transformation or -tto test it on all files.
这些-a选项会立即将类似转换应用于嵌套级别 1（即所有其他子文件夹）的所有类似文件。如果您不信任该系统，您可以使用其他选项，例如-e解释转换或-t在所有文件上测试它。
DISCLAIMER: I am a co-author of this work for academic purposes, and working on a bash script renderer. But the system is already available for testing purposes.
免责声明：出于学术目的，我是这项工作的合著者，并致力于 bash 脚本渲染器。但该系统已经可用于测试目的。
