确定 Linux 二进制文件的直接共享对象依赖项？
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Determine direct shared object dependencies of a Linux binary?
提问by Free Wildebeest
How can I easily find out the direct shared object dependencies of a Linux binary in ELF format?
如何轻松找出 ELF 格式的 Linux 二进制文件的直接共享对象依赖项？
I'm aware of the ldd tool, but that appears to output all dependencies of a binary, including the dependencies of any shared objects that binary is dependent on.
我知道 ldd 工具，但这似乎输出了二进制文件的所有依赖项，包括二进制文件所依赖的任何共享对象的依赖项。
采纳答案by Mat
You can use readelfto explore the ELF headers. readelf -dwill list the direct dependencies as NEEDEDsections.
您可以使用readelf来探索 ELF 标头。readelf -d将直接依赖项列为NEEDED部分。
$ readelf -d elfbin
Dynamic section at offset 0xe30 contains 22 entries:
Tag Type Name/Value
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libssl.so.1.0.0]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libc.so.6]
0x000000000000000c (INIT) 0x400520
0x000000000000000d (FINI) 0x400758
...
回答by Free Wildebeest
The objdumptool can tell you this information. If you invoke objdumpwith the -xoption, to get it to output all headers then you'll find the shared object dependencies right at the start in the "Dynamic Section".
该objdump工具可以告诉您这些信息。如果您objdump使用该-x选项调用，以使其输出所有标头，那么您将在“动态部分”的开头找到共享对象依赖项。
For example running objdump -x /usr/lib/libXpm.so.4on my system gives the following information in the "Dynamic Section":
例如，objdump -x /usr/lib/libXpm.so.4在我的系统上运行会在“动态部分”中提供以下信息：
Dynamic Section:
NEEDED libX11.so.6
NEEDED libc.so.6
SONAME libXpm.so.4
INIT 0x0000000000002450
FINI 0x000000000000e0e8
GNU_HASH 0x00000000000001f0
STRTAB 0x00000000000011a8
SYMTAB 0x0000000000000470
STRSZ 0x0000000000000813
SYMENT 0x0000000000000018
PLTGOT 0x000000000020ffe8
PLTRELSZ 0x00000000000005e8
PLTREL 0x0000000000000007
JMPREL 0x0000000000001e68
RELA 0x0000000000001b38
RELASZ 0x0000000000000330
RELAENT 0x0000000000000018
VERNEED 0x0000000000001ad8
VERNEEDNUM 0x0000000000000001
VERSYM 0x00000000000019bc
RELACOUNT 0x000000000000001b
The direct shared object dependencies are listing as 'NEEDED' values. So in the example above, libXpm.so.4on my system just needs libX11.so.6and libc.so.6.
直接共享对象依赖项列为“NEEDED”值。所以在上面的例子中，libXpm.so.4在我的系统上只需要libX11.so.6和libc.so.6。
It's important to note that this doesn't mean that all the symbols needed by the binary being passed to objdumpwill be present in the libraries, but it does at least show what libraries the loader will try to load when loading the binary.
需要注意的是，这并不意味着传递给的二进制文件所需的所有符号objdump都将出现在库中，但它至少显示了加载程序在加载二进制文件时将尝试加载哪些库。
回答by Serge C
If you want to find dependencies recursively(including dependencies of dependencies, dependencies of dependencies of dependencies and so on)…
如果要递归查找依赖（包括依赖的依赖，依赖的依赖的依赖等等）……
You may use lddcommand.
ldd - print shared library dependencies
您可以使用ldd命令。
ldd - 打印共享库依赖项
回答by Hannes
ldd -v prints the dependency tree under "Version information:' section. The first block in that section are the direct dependencies of the binary.
ldd -v 打印“版本信息：”部分下的依赖树。该部分中的第一个块是二进制文件的直接依赖关系。
请参见分层 ldd(1)
