如何在Linux中安装i3窗口管理器
I3是用于高级用户和开发人员的平铺窗口管理器。
它非常轻便,快速。
其主要特征之一是它是一种面向文本和键盘导向的窗口管理器,使经验丰富的用户能够以非常快速的方式管理窗口。
是的,它有一个对手:它的学习曲线有点陡峭,但一旦你习惯了,你的生产力会显着增加。
安装步骤
拱门Linux.
教程是使用以下Arch Linux构建进行的:
- 发布:2016.11.01
- 内核:4.13.9
- 架构:X86_64
1.安装i3.
在终端中键入以下命令:
$sudo pacman -S i3
当它询问要安装哪个软件包时,显示可能的选项,只需按Enter键,它将安装所有必要的。
2.编辑Xinitrc.
在终端中键入以下命令:
$echo "exec i3" >> ~/.xinitrc
如果安装了另一个窗口管理器或者桌面环境,则可以通过桌面管理器选择I3作为窗口管理器。
如果我们没有桌面管理器选择I3,或者我们希望它将其作为唯一窗口管理器,请删除或者注释系统中安装的其他窗口管理器/桌面环境的行。
它们也被放在Xinitrc中。
3.安装Xorg.
$sudo pacman -S xorg-server xorg-xinit
4.开始i3.
$startx
Fedora.
教程是使用以下Fedora构建进行的:
- 发布:Fedora 27工作站
- 内核:4.13.9-300.fc27.x86_64
- 架构:X86_64
1.安装i3.
在终端中键入以下命令:
$dnf install i3
2.在显示管理器中重新启动并选择I3
它应该如下所示:
选择I3,登录并享受!
Ubuntu.
教程是使用以下Ubuntu构建进行的:
- 发布:Xubuntu 17.10
- 内核:4.13.0-16通用
- 架构:X86_64
1.安装i3.
在终端中键入以下命令:
$sudo apt-get install i3
2.停用Xubuntu窗口管理器(可能因分发而异)
打开"会话和启动"并转到"会话"选项卡。
对于XFWM4,将"立即"选项更改为"从不"。
对于xfdesktop,将"立即"选项更改为"从不"。
单击"保存会话"
3.激活I3窗口管理器
现在,留在"会话和启动"中并转到"Application AutoStart"选项卡。
单击"添加"按钮并将表单填充,如图中:
单击确定。
单击关闭。
4.从其他窗口管理器中删除键盘快捷键
打开"键盘"对话框,然后选择"应用程序快捷方式"选项卡:
删除所有快捷方式并关闭。
5.配置i3.
- 在名为".i3"的主目录中创建一个文件夹。路径应该如下:/home/"yourusernamehere"/.i3
- 在名为"config"的".i3"目录中创建一个新文件
- 使用文本编辑器打开文件并粘贴以下文本:
# This file has been auto-generated by i3-config-wizard(1). # It will not be overwritten, so edit it as you like. ## Should you change your keyboard layout some time, delete # this file and re-run i3-config-wizard(1). ## i3 config file (v4) ## Please see http://i3wm.org/docs/userguide.html for a complete reference! set $mod Mod4 # Font for window titles. Will also be used by the bar unless a different font # is used in the bar {} block below. font pango:monospace 8 # This font is widely installed, provides lots of unicode glyphs, right-to-left # text rendering and scalability on retina/hidpi displays (thanks to pango). #font pango:DejaVu Sans Mono 8 # Before i3 v4.8, we used to recommend this one as the default: # font -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-C-70-iso10646-1 # The font above is very space-efficient, that is, it looks good, sharp and # clear in small sizes. However, its unicode glyph coverage is limited, the old # X core fonts rendering does not support right-to-left and this being a bitmap # font, it doesn’t scale on retina/hidpi displays. # Use Mouse+$mod to drag floating windows to their wanted position floating_modifier $mod # start a terminal bindsym $mod+Return exec xfce4-terminal # kill focused window bindsym $mod+Shift+q kill # start dmenu (a program launcher) bindsym $mod+d exec dmenu_run # For use with xfce4 whisker popup menu in Mint XFCE: # bindsym $mod+Shift+d exec dmenu_run # bindsym $mod+d exec --no-startup-id xfce4-popup-whiskermenu # There also is the (new) i3-dmenu-desktop which only displays applications # shipping a .desktop file. It is a wrapper around dmenu, so you need that # installed. # bindsym $mod+d exec --no-startup-id i3-dmenu-desktop # change focus bindsym $mod+j focus left bindsym $mod+k focus down bindsym $mod+l focus up bindsym $mod+semicolon focus right # alternatively, you can use the cursor keys: bindsym $mod+Left focus left bindsym $mod+Down focus down bindsym $mod+Up focus up bindsym $mod+Right focus right # move focused window bindsym $mod+Shift+j move left bindsym $mod+Shift+k move down bindsym $mod+Shift+l move up bindsym $mod+Shift+semicolon move right # alternatively, you can use the cursor keys: bindsym $mod+Shift+Left move left bindsym $mod+Shift+Down move down bindsym $mod+Shift+Up move up bindsym $mod+Shift+Right move right # split in horizontal orientation bindsym $mod+h split h # split in vertical orientation bindsym $mod+v split v # enter fullscreen mode for the focused container bindsym $mod+f fullscreen toggle # change container layout (stacked, tabbed, toggle split) bindsym $mod+s layout stacking bindsym $mod+w layout tabbed bindsym $mod+e layout toggle split # toggle tiling/floating bindsym $mod+Shift+space floating toggle # change focus between tiling/floating windows bindsym $mod+space focus mode_toggle # focus the parent container bindsym $mod+a focus parent # focus the child container #bindsym $mod+d focus child # switch to workspace bindsym $mod+1 workspace 1 bindsym $mod+2 workspace 2 bindsym $mod+3 workspace 3 bindsym $mod+4 workspace 4 bindsym $mod+5 workspace 5 bindsym $mod+6 workspace 6 bindsym $mod+7 workspace 7 bindsym $mod+8 workspace 8 bindsym $mod+9 workspace 9 bindsym $mod+0 workspace 10 # move focused container to workspace bindsym $mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace 1 bindsym $mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace 2 bindsym $mod+Shift+3 move container to workspace 3 bindsym $mod+Shift+4 move container to workspace 4 bindsym $mod+Shift+5 move container to workspace 5 bindsym $mod+Shift+6 move container to workspace 6 bindsym $mod+Shift+7 move container to workspace 7 bindsym $mod+Shift+8 move container to workspace 8 bindsym $mod+Shift+9 move container to workspace 9 bindsym $mod+Shift+0 move container to workspace 10 # reload the configuration file bindsym $mod+Shift+c reload # restart i3 inplace (preserves your layout/session, can be used to upgrade i3) bindsym $mod+Shift+r restart # exit i3 (logs you out of your X session) #-old-#bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec "i3-nagbar -t warning -m 'You pressed the exit shortcut. Do you really want to exit i3? This will end your X session.' -b 'Yes, exit i3' 'i3-msg exit'" bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec xfce4-session-logout # resize window (you can also use the mouse for that) mode "resize" { # These bindings trigger as soon as you enter the resize mode # Pressing left will shrink the window’s width. # Pressing right will grow the window’s width. # Pressing up will shrink the window’s height. # Pressing down will grow the window’s height. bindsym j resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt bindsym k resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt bindsym l resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt bindsym semicolon resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt # same bindings, but for the arrow keys bindsym Left resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt bindsym Down resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt bindsym Up resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt bindsym Right resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt # back to normal: Enter or Escape bindsym Return mode "default" bindsym Escape mode "default" } bindsym $mod+r mode "resize" # Start i3bar to display a workspace bar (plus the system information i3status # finds out, if available) #-old-#bar { #-old-# status_command i3status #-old-#} exec --no-startup-id nitrogen --restore exec --no-startup-id synergy
6.重新启动
这看起来很困难,我如何使用它?
正如我之前所说的那样,I3有一个陡峭的学习曲线。
但不要恐慌!官方有很多文档:I3用户教程
开放应用
在I3中打开应用程序的方式,正在按下分配的Mod按钮加上另一个键。
在我的情况下,我已经将Windows键设置为Mod按钮。
因此,例如,如果我想打开终端,我只需按WindowsKey + Enter。
我们打开的所有Windows将在屏幕上重新排列自己,所以这就是有一些打开的窗口的样子:
当然,我们可以设置i3以不同的方式排列窗口,只需查看官方文档:)。
关闭窗口
要关闭Windows,我们必须点击:Mod + Shift + Q.在我的情况下:WindowsKey + Shift + Q.
使用工作区
要更改工作区,请点击:mod + num。
其中num的目标工作区的数量。
例如,如果我想转到工作区2,我必须按:WindowsKey + 2.