如何在 BASH 中包含匹配模式的任何行之前添加 #？
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How to add a # before any line containing a matching pattern in BASH?
提问by Village
I need to add a #before any line containing the pattern "000", e.g., consider this sample file:
我需要#在包含模式“000”的任何行之前添加一个，例如，考虑这个示例文件：
This is a 000 line.
This is 000 yet ano000ther line.
This is still yet another line.
If I run the command, it should add #to the front of any files where "000" was found. The result would be this:
如果我运行该命令，它应该添加#到任何找到“000”的文件的前面。结果是这样的：
#This is a 000 line.
#This is 000 yet ano000ther line.
This is still yet another line.
The best I can do is a while loop, like this, which seems too complicated:
我能做的最好的是一个 while 循环，就像这样，它看起来太复杂了：
while read -r line
do
if [[ $line == *000* ]]
then
echo "#"$line >> output.txt
else
echo $line >> output.txt
fi
done < file.txt
How can I add a #to the front of any line where a pattern is found?
如何#在找到模式的任何行的前面添加一个？
采纳答案by potong
This might work for you (GNU sed):
这可能对你有用（GNU sed）：
sed 's/.*000/#&/' file
回答by Tim Cooper
The following sed command will work for you, which does not require any capture groups:
以下 sed 命令将适用于您，它不需要任何捕获组：
sed /000/s/^/#/
Explanation:
解释：
/000/matches a line with000sperform a substitution on the lines matched above- The substitution will insert a pound character (
#) at the beginning of the line (^)
/000/匹配一行000s在上面匹配的行上执行替换- 替换将
#在行 (^)的开头插入一个井号( )
回答by geegee
the question was how to add the poundsign to those lines in a file so to make tim coopers excellent answer more complete i would suggest the following:
问题是如何将磅符号添加到文件中的这些行，以便使 tim coopers 出色的答案更完整，我建议如下：
sed /000/s/^/#/ > output.txt
or you could consider using sed's ability to in-place edit the file in question and also make a backup copy like:
或者您可以考虑使用 sed 的就地编辑相关文件的能力，并制作一个备份副本，如：
sed -i.bak /000/s/^/#/ file.txt
the "-i" option will edit and save the file inline/in-place the "-i.bak" option will also backup the original file to file.txt.bak in case you screw up something.
“-i”选项将编辑并内联/就地保存文件，“-i.bak”选项还将原始文件备份到 file.txt.bak 以防万一你搞砸了。
you can replace ".bak" with any suffix to your liking. eg: "-i.orignal" will create the original file as: "file.txt.orignal"
您可以根据自己的喜好将“.bak”替换为任何后缀。例如：“-i.orignal”将创建原始文件为：“file.txt.orignal”
回答by Baba
or use ed:
或使用ed：
echo -e "g/000/ s/^/#/\nw\nq" | ed -s FILENAME
or open file in ed :
或在 ed 中打开文件：
ed FILENAME
and write this command
并写下这个命令
g/000/ s/^/#/
w
q
回答by Avinash Raj
Try this GNU sed command,
试试这个 GNU sed 命令，
$ sed -r '/000/ s/^(.*)$/#/g' file
#This is a 000 line.
#This is 000 yet ano000ther line.
This is still yet another line.
Explanation:
解释：
/000/sed substitution only works on the line which contans000. Once it finds the corresponding line, it adds#symbol infront of it.
/000/sed 替换仅适用于包含000. 一旦找到相应的行，它就会#在其前面添加符号。
And through awk,
通过 awk，
$ awk '/000/{gsub (/^/,"#")}1' file
#This is a 000 line.
#This is 000 yet ano000ther line.
This is still yet another line
gsubfunction is used to add#infront of the lines which contains000.
gsub函数用于在#包含000.
