Python 在 virtualenv Ubuntu 12.10 中使用 pip 安装 lxml 错误：命令“gcc”失败，退出状态为 4

Installing lxml with pip in virtualenv Ubuntu 12.10 error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 4

提问by Cristian Rojas

I'm having the following error when trying to run "pip install lxml" into a virtualenv in Ubuntu 12.10 x64. I have Python 2.7.

尝试在 Ubuntu 12.10 x64 中的 virtualenv 中运行“pip install lxml”时出现以下错误。我有 Python 2.7。

I have seen other related questions here about the same problem and tried installing python-dev, libxml2-dev and libxslt1-dev.

我在这里看到了关于同一问题的其他相关问题，并尝试安装 python-dev、libxml2-dev 和 libxslt1-dev。

Please take a look of the traceback from the moment I tip the command to the moment when the error occurs.

请查看从我提示命令到发生错误的那一刻的回溯。

Downloading/unpacking lxml
  Running setup.py egg_info for package lxml
    /usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    Building lxml version 3.1.2.
    Building without Cython.
    Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.26
    Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /usr/lib

    warning: no files found matching '*.txt' under directory 'src/lxml/tests'
Installing collected packages: lxml
  Running setup.py install for lxml
    /usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    Building lxml version 3.1.2.
    Building without Cython.
    Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.26
    Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /usr/lib
    building 'lxml.etree' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I/home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/build/lxml/src/lxml/includes -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: In function '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree__getFilenameForFile':
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:26851:7: warning: variable '__pyx_clineno' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:26850:15: warning: variable '__pyx_filename' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:26849:7: warning: variable '__pyx_lineno' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: In function '__pyx_pf_4lxml_5etree_4XSLT_18__call__':
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:138273:81: warning: passing argument 1 of '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy' from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:136229:52: note: expected 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *' but argument is of type 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *'
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: In function '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree__copyXSLT':
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:139667:79: warning: passing argument 1 of '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy' from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:136229:52: note: expected 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *' but argument is of type 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *'
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: At top level:
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:12384:13: warning: '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_displayNode' defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
    gcc: internal compiler error: Killed (program cc1)
    Please submit a full bug report,
    with preprocessed source if appropriate.
    See  for instructions.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 4
    Complete output from command /home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/build/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-asDtN5-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --install-headers /home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/include/site/python2.7:
    /usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'

  warnings.warn(msg)

Building lxml version 3.1.2.

Building without Cython.

Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.26

Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /usr/lib

running install

running build

running build_py

copying src/lxml/includes/lxml-version.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

running build_ext

building 'lxml.etree' extension

gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I/home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/build/lxml/src/lxml/includes -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: In function '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree__getFilenameForFile':

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:26851:7: warning: variable '__pyx_clineno' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:26850:15: warning: variable '__pyx_filename' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:26849:7: warning: variable '__pyx_lineno' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: In function '__pyx_pf_4lxml_5etree_4XSLT_18__call__':

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:138273:81: warning: passing argument 1 of '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy' from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:136229:52: note: expected 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *' but argument is of type 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *'

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: In function '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree__copyXSLT':

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:139667:79: warning: passing argument 1 of '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy' from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:136229:52: note: expected 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *' but argument is of type 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *'

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: At top level:

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:12384:13: warning: '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_displayNode' defined but not used [-Wunused-function]

gcc: internal compiler error: Killed (program cc1)

Please submit a full bug report,

with preprocessed source if appropriate.

See  for instructions.

error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 4

----------------------------------------
Command /home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/build/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-asDtN5-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --install-headers /home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/include/site/python2.7 failed with error code 1 in /home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/build/lxml
Storing complete log in /home/admin/.pip/pip.log

采纳答案by Delgermurun

Here is the my saved note.

这是我保存的笔记。

sudo apt-get install libxml2
sudo apt-get install libxslt1.1
sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev
sudo apt-get install libxslt1-dev
sudo apt-get install python-libxml2
sudo apt-get install python-libxslt1
sudo apt-get install python-dev
sudo apt-get install python-setuptools

easy_install lxml

It has worked for my ubuntu 12.10

它适用于我的 ubuntu 12.10

回答by Matmas

Make sure you have enough memory. Try dmesg | tailto see if it outputs something like:

确保你有足够的内存。尝试dmesg | tail查看它是否输出如下内容：

...
[3778136.277570] Out of memory: Kill process 21267 (cc1) score 557 or sacrifice child
[3778136.277587] Killed process 21267 (cc1) total-vm:365836kB, anon-rss:336228kB, file-rss:0kB

回答by Richard Gomes

I've stumbled with this trouble a couple of times.

我曾多次遇到这种麻烦。

Short answer

简答

Python2: $ python2.7 setup.py clean build --with-cython install
Python3: $ pip-3.3 install lxml

Long answer

长答案

The hypothesis is that pip install lxmlshould work in every environment, regardless if you are using Python2 or Python3.

假设是它pip install lxml应该适用于所有环境，无论您使用的是 Python2 还是 Python3。

There's also Cythonto be considered: You will certainly enjoy lxmlcompiled with Cythondue to relevant performance gains.

还Cython需要考虑：由于相关的性能提升，您肯定会喜欢lxml编译Cython。

For reasons unknown to me, the compilation on Python2 does not find Cython. To be more precise and absolutely explicit about this matter, both commands below DO NOT employ Cython:

由于我不知道的原因，Python2 上的编译没有找到 Cython。为了更准确和绝对明确地说明这个问题，下面的两个命令都不要使用 Cython：

# DO NOT use these commands. I repeat: DO NOT use these commands.
$ pip-2.7 install lxml
$ easy_install-2.7 install lxml

So, when using Python2 you have only one alternative, as far as I know, which is: compile from sources, Luke!

因此，在使用 Python2 时，据我所知，您只有一种选择，那就是：从源代码编译，Luke！

# install build environment and dependencies
$ kernel_release=$( uname -r )
$ sudo apt-get install linux-headers-${kernel_release} build-essential -y
$ sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev -y

# Download from github and compile from sources
$ git clone --branch lxml-3.2.4 https://github.com/lxml/lxml
$ python2.7 setup.py clean build --with-cython install

回答by jkaluzka

According to lxml site you could use such construction:

根据 lxml 站点，您可以使用这样的结构：

CFLAGS="-O0"  pip install lxml

installation guide

安装指南

Note for those installing globally:The proper way to pass environment variables with sudo is aftersudo:

全局安装注意：使用 sudo 传递环境变量的正确方法是在sudo：

sudo CFLAGS="-O0" pip install lxml

回答by xmduhan

I met the similar question(error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 4) this morning. It seems you need check your machine's memory. If the memory is lower than 512M,that may be the cause.Try to close some services temporarily,like apache server,and try "pip install lxml" again.It maybe work!

我今天早上遇到了类似的问题（错误：命令 'gcc' 失败，退出状态为 4）。看来您需要检查机器的内存。如果内存低于512M，可能是这个原因。尝试暂时关闭一些服务，例如apache服务器，然后再次尝试“pip install lxml”。也许可以！

回答by Kostyantyn

For ubuntu 12.04 and virtual env:

对于 ubuntu 12.04 和虚拟环境：

sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt-dev
workon some-virt-env
pip install lxml

回答by Ignacio Vazquez

Try to disable the C compiler optimizations by setting the FLAGS environment variable

尝试通过设置 FLAGS 环境变量来禁用 C 编译器优化

CFLAGS="-O0"  pip install lxml 

That solves for me without the need of more RAM

这为我解决了不需要更多 RAM 的问题