windows 如何使用 Perl 使批处理文件像简单的 grep 一样工作？
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How can I make a batch file to act like a simple grep using Perl?
提问by Ogre Psalm33
I already know the obvious answer to this question: "just download <insert favorite windows grep or grep-like tool here>". However, I work in an environment with strict controls by the local IT staff as to what we're allowed to have on our computers. Suffice it to say: I have access to Perl on Windows XP. Here's a quick Perl script I came up with that does what I want, but I haven't figured up how to set up a batch file such that I can either pipe a command output into it, or pass a file (or list of files?) as an argument after the "expression to grep":
我已经知道这个问题的明显答案：“只需下载<在此处插入最喜欢的 windows grep 或类似 grep 的工具>”。但是，我在当地 IT 人员严格控制我们可以在计算机上使用的内容的环境中工作。我只想说：我可以在 Windows XP 上访问 Perl。这是我想出的一个快速 Perl 脚本，它可以满足我的要求，但我还没有想出如何设置批处理文件，以便我可以将命令输出通过管道传输到其中，或者传递一个文件（或文件列表） ?) 作为“表达式到 grep”之后的参数：
perl -n -e "print $_ if (m![expression]!);" [filename]
How do I write a batch script that I can do something like, for example:
如何编写可以执行以下操作的批处理脚本，例如：
dir | grep.bat mypattern grep.bat mypattern myfile.txt
EDIT: Even though I marked another "answer", I wanted to give kudos to Ray Hayes answer, as it is really the "Windows Way" to do it, even if another answer is technically closer to what I wanted.
编辑：即使我标记了另一个“答案”，我还是想赞扬Ray Hayes 的答案，因为它确实是“Windows 方式”，即使另一个答案在技术上更接近我想要的。
采纳答案by Axeman
I wrote this a while back:
不久前我写了这个：
@rem = '--*-Perl-*--
@echo off
perl -x -S %0 %*
goto endofperl
@rem -- BEGIN PERL -- ';
#!d:/Perl/bin/perl.exe -w
#line 10
use strict;
#use Test::Setup;
use Getopt::Long;
Getopt::Long::Configure ("bundling");
my $ignore_case = 0;
my $number_line = 0;
my $invert_results = 0;
my $verbose = 0;
my $result = GetOptions(
'i|ignore_case' => $ignore_case,
'n|number' => $number_line,
'v|invert' => $invert_results,
'verbose' => $verbose,
);
my $regex = shift;
if ( $ignore_case ) {
$regex = "(?i:$regex)";
}
$regex = qr/$regex/;
print "$regex=$regex\n";
if ( $verbose ) {
print "Verbose: Ignoring case.\n" if $ignore_case;
print "Verbose: Printing file name and line number.\n" if $number_line;
print "Verbose: Inverting result set.\n" if $invert_results;
print "\n";
}
@ARGV = map { glob "$_" } @ARGV;
while ( <> ) {
my $matches = m/$regex/;
next unless $matches ^ $invert_results;
print "$ARGV\:$.:" if $number_line;
print;
}
__END__
:endofperl
回答by Ray Hayes
Most of the power of grep is already available on your machine in the Windows application FindStr.exe which is part of all Windows 2000, XP and Vista machines! It offers RegExpr etc.
grep 的大部分功能已经在您的计算机上的 Windows 应用程序 FindStr.exe 中可用，它是所有 Windows 2000、XP 和 Vista 计算机的一部分！它提供 RegExpr 等。
Far easier than a batch file which in turn calls Perl!
比批处理文件更容易，后者又调用 Perl！
c:\>FindStr /?
Searches for strings in files.
FINDSTR [/B] [/E] [/L] [/R] [/S] [/I] [/X] [/V] [/N] [/M] [/O] [/P] [/F:file]
[/C:string] [/G:file] [/D:dir list] [/A:color attributes] [/OFF[LINE]]
strings [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]]
/B Matches pattern if at the beginning of a line.
/E Matches pattern if at the end of a line.
/L Uses search strings literally.
/R Uses search strings as regular expressions.
/S Searches for matching files in the current directory and all
subdirectories.
/I Specifies that the search is not to be case-sensitive.
/X Prints lines that match exactly.
/V Prints only lines that do not contain a match.
/N Prints the line number before each line that matches.
/M Prints only the filename if a file contains a match.
/O Prints character offset before each matching line.
/P Skip files with non-printable characters.
/OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set.
/A:attr Specifies color attribute with two hex digits. See "color /?"
/F:file Reads file list from the specified file(/ stands for console).
/C:string Uses specified string as a literal search string.
/G:file Gets search strings from the specified file(/ stands for console).
/D:dir Search a semicolon delimited list of directories
strings Text to be searched for.
[drive:][path]filename
Specifies a file or files to search.
Use spaces to separate multiple search strings unless the argument is prefixed
with /C. For example, 'FINDSTR "hello there" x.y' searches for "hello" or
"there" in file x.y. 'FINDSTR /C:"hello there" x.y' searches for
"hello there" in file x.y.
Regular expression quick reference:
. Wildcard: any character
* Repeat: zero or more occurances of previous character or class
^ Line position: beginning of line
$ Line position: end of line
[class] Character class: any one character in set
[^class] Inverse class: any one character not in set
[x-y] Range: any characters within the specified range
\x Escape: literal use of metacharacter x
\<xyz Word position: beginning of word
xyz\> Word position: end of word
回答by hexten
回答by Michael Carman
First, turn it into a real script instead of a one-liner:
首先，把它变成一个真正的脚本而不是一个单行：
use strict;
use warnings;
my $pattern = shift or die "Usage: pl2bat mygrep.pl
<pattern> [files|-]\n";
while (<>) { print if /$pattern/ }
Then turn it into a batch file using pl2bat:
然后使用 pl2bat 将其转换为批处理文件：
@echo off
for /f "usebackq delims==" %%f in (`dir /w /b %2`) do (
perl -n -e "print $_ if (m!%1!);" "%%f"
REM or something like: myperlscript.pl %1 "%%f"
)
This will create "mygrep.bat".
这将创建“mygrep.bat”。
For a full-featured grep (and many other Unix applications) written completely in Perl, see the Perl Power Toolsproject.
有关完全用 Perl 编写的全功能 grep（以及许多其他 Unix 应用程序），请参阅Perl Power Tools项目。
While the Perl Power Tools are good if you can only run Perl, I generally prefer the set of GnuWin32tools. They don't require installation. (You don't need administrative privileges, just a directory you can write to.)
如果您只能运行 Perl，Perl Power Tools 是不错的选择，但我通常更喜欢GnuWin32工具集。它们不需要安装。（您不需要管理权限，只需一个可以写入的目录。）
回答by Jim Olsen
I agree with Axeman and Mr. Hayes about using a better tool for the job. That said, you could try something like this in your batch file to run your custom script against a file wildcard expression:
我同意 Axeman 和 Hayes 先生关于使用更好的工具来完成这项工作的意见。也就是说，您可以在批处理文件中尝试类似的操作，以针对文件通配符表达式运行自定义脚本：
@echo off
perl -x -S script.pl %1
In this way, you can do things like "grep mypattern myfile.txt", "grep mypattern .", "grep mypattern *.doc", etc.
通过这种方式，您可以执行“grep mypattern myfile.txt”、“grep mypattern .”、“grep mypattern *.doc”等操作。
回答by ian93
You need to do something like this:
你需要做这样的事情：
##代码##The "%1" will pass the argument to the Perl script. Save it as a .bat file, and you're good to go.
“%1”将把参数传递给 Perl 脚本。将其另存为 .bat 文件，您就可以开始使用了。
