json 打字稿对象序列化？
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Typescript objects serialization?
提问by Nik
Are there any means for JSON serialization/deserialization of Typescript objects so that they don't loose type information? Simple JSON.parse(JSON.stringify)has too many caveats.
是否有任何方法可以对 Typescript 对象进行 JSON 序列化/反序列化，以便它们不会丢失类型信息？简单JSON.parse(JSON.stringify)有太多的警告。
Or I should use adhoc solutions?
或者我应该使用临时解决方案？
回答by basarat
Use Interfaces to get strong types:
使用接口获得强类型：
// Creating
var foo:any = {};
foo.x = 3;
foo.y='123';
var jsonString = JSON.stringify(foo);
alert(jsonString);
// Reading
interface Bar{
x:number;
y?:string;
}
var baz:Bar = JSON.parse(jsonString);
alert(baz.y);
And use type assertion "<>" if you need to.
如果需要，请使用类型断言“<>”。
回答by AQuirky
I think a better way to handle this is to use Object.assign (which however requires ECMAScript 2015).
我认为处理这个问题的更好方法是使用 Object.assign（但这需要 ECMAScript 2015）。
Given a class
给定一个班级
class Pet {
name: string;
age: number;
constructor(name?: string, age?: number) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
getDescription(): string {
return "My pet " + this.name + " is " + this.age + " years old.";
}
static fromJSON(d: Object): Pet {
return Object.assign(new Pet(), d);
}
}
Serialize and deserialize like this...
像这样序列化和反序列化......
var p0 = new Pet("Fido", 5);
var s = JSON.stringify(p0);
var p1 = Pet.fromJSON(JSON.parse(s));
console.log(p1.getDescription());
To take this example to the next level, consider nested objects...
要将这个例子提升到一个新的水平，考虑嵌套对象......
class Type {
kind: string;
breed: string;
constructor(kind?: string, breed?: string) {
this.kind = kind;
this.breed = breed;
}
static fromJSON(d: Object) {
return Object.assign(new Type(), d);
}
}
class Pet {
name: string;
age: number;
type: Type;
constructor(name?: string, age?: number) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
getDescription(): string {
return "My pet " + this.name + " is " + this.age + " years old.";
}
getFullDescription(): string {
return "My " + this.type.kind + ", a " + this.type.breed + ", is " + this.age + " years old.";
}
static fromJSON(d: Object): Pet {
var o = Object.assign(new Pet(), d);
o.type = Type.fromJSON(o['type']);
return o;
}
}
Serialize and deserialize like this...
像这样序列化和反序列化......
var q0 = new Pet("Fido", 5);
q0.type = new Type("dog", "Pomeranian");
var t = JSON.stringify(q0);
var q1 = Pet.fromJSON(JSON.parse(t));
console.log(q1.getFullDescription());
So unlike using an interface, this approach preserves methods.
因此，与使用接口不同，这种方法保留了方法。
回答by nexiss
The AQuirky answerworks for me. You may have some troubles with the Object.assign method. I had to modify my tsconfig.json to include:
该AQuirky答案对我来说有效。您可能在使用 Object.assign 方法时遇到一些麻烦。我不得不修改我的 tsconfig.json 以包括：
"compilerOptions": {
...
"lib": ["es2015"],
...
}
回答by Yhan
I think the better way is to use this library. It makes it easier to serialize/deserialize object/json.
我认为更好的方法是使用这个库。它可以更轻松地序列化/反序列化 object/json。
https://www.npmjs.com/package/@peerlancers/json-serialization
https://www.npmjs.com/package/@peerlancers/json-serialization
