java 异常启动过滤器 struts2 - 尝试添加 JAR，但结果相同

Exception starting filter struts2 - tried adding JAR's, but same result

提问by tempusfugit

Here is the error I am getting:

这是我得到的错误：

SEVERE: Exception starting filter struts2
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/opensymphony/xwork2/config/FileManagerProvider
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_FileManager(Dispatcher.java:336)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:465)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.java:193)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:295)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:424)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:115)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4072)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4726)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:799)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:779)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:601)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:675)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptors(HostConfig.java:601)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:502)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1317)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:324)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:142)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1065)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:840)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1057)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:463)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:525)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:754)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:595)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.FileManagerProvider
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1680)
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1526)
    ... 30 more

List of JARs:

JAR 列表：

antlr-2.7.6.jar
commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar
commons-collections-3.2.1.jar
commons-digester-2.1.jar
commons-fileupload-1.3.jar
commons-logging-1.1.1.jar
dom4j-1.6.1.jar
ejb3-persistence-1.0.2.GA.jar
freemarker-2.3.16.jar
hibernate-annotations-3.2.1.ga.jar
hibernate-commons-annotations-3.3.0.ga.jar
hibernate-core-4.2.1.Final.jar
hsqldb-2.0.0.jar
javassist-3.12.1.GA.jar
jta-1.1.jar
log4j-1.2.15.jar
mysql-connector-java-5.1.21.jar
ognl-2.7.3.jar
slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar
slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar
struts2-core-2.3.14.3.jar
xwork-2.1.3.jar

And my web.xml is like this:

而我的 web.xml 是这样的：

<filter>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

I have tried lot of things after reading on this forum:

在这个论坛上阅读后，我尝试了很多东西：

1. Tried different versions of JAR.
2. Manually deployed WAR into Tomcat.
3. Placed the servlet-api JAR into the lib folder as well ( although it being present in the server lib).
4. Read the Tomcat logs, found nothing different. ( Please let me know, I can paste those as well)

1. 尝试了不同版本的 JAR。
2. 手动将 WAR 部署到 Tomcat 中。
3. 将 servlet-api JAR 也放入 lib 文件夹中（尽管它存在于服务器 lib 中）。
4. 阅读Tomcat日志，发现没有什么不同。（请告诉我，我也可以粘贴这些）

But none of them have helped. So, last resort, I am posting it here.

但他们都没有帮助。所以，最后的手段，我把它张贴在这里。

回答by Andrea Ligios

Since you are using Struts 2.3,

由于您使用的是 Struts 2.3，

FilterDispatcher is deprecated. You MUST use StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter (or its little brothers).

FilterDispatcher 已弃用。您必须使用 StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter（或其小兄弟）。

From the official documentation

来自官方文档

Deprecated. Since Struts 2.1.3, use StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilterinstead or StrutsPrepareFilterand StrutsExecuteFilterif needing using the ActionContextCleanUp filter in addition to this one

已弃用。从 Struts 2.1.3 开始，如果除此之外还需要使用 ActionContextCleanUp 过滤器，请改用StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter或StrutsPrepareFilter和StrutsExecuteFilter

change then this

改变然后这个

<!-- Struts < 2.1.3 -->
<filter-class>
    org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
</filter-class>

to this:

对此：

<!-- Struts >= 2.1.3 and < 2.5 -->
<filter-class>
     org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
</filter-class>

Note that, from 2.5, it would be instead:

请注意，从 2.5 开始，它将改为：

<!-- Struts >= 2.5 -->
<filter-class>
     org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
</filter-class>