Python 结合散点图和曲面图
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Combining scatter plot with surface plot
提问by user2136765
How can I combine a 3D scatter plot with a 3D surface plot while keeping the surface plot transparent so that I can still see all the points?
如何将 3D 散点图与 3D 曲面图结合起来，同时保持曲面图透明，以便我仍然可以看到所有点？
采纳答案by sissi_luaty
To combine various types of plots in the same graph you should use the function
要在同一图形中组合各种类型的图，您应该使用该函数
plt.hold(True).
plt.hold（真）。
The following code plots a 3D scatter plot with a 3D surface plot:
以下代码使用 3D 曲面图绘制 3D 散点图：
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from random import random, seed
from matplotlib import cm
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d') # to work in 3d
plt.hold(True)
x_surf=np.arange(0, 1, 0.01) # generate a mesh
y_surf=np.arange(0, 1, 0.01)
x_surf, y_surf = np.meshgrid(x_surf, y_surf)
z_surf = np.sqrt(x_surf+y_surf) # ex. function, which depends on x and y
ax.plot_surface(x_surf, y_surf, z_surf, cmap=cm.hot); # plot a 3d surface plot
n = 100
seed(0) # seed let us to have a reproducible set of random numbers
x=[random() for i in range(n)] # generate n random points
y=[random() for i in range(n)]
z=[random() for i in range(n)]
ax.scatter(x, y, z); # plot a 3d scatter plot
ax.set_xlabel('x label')
ax.set_ylabel('y label')
ax.set_zlabel('z label')
plt.show()
result:
结果：
you can see some other examples with 3d plots here:
http://matplotlib.org/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/tutorial.html
您可以在此处查看其他一些带有 3d 绘图的示例：http:
//matplotlib.org/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/tutorial.html
I've changed the colours of the surface plot from the default to a colormap "hot" in order to distinguish the colours of the two plots - now, it's seen that the surface plot overrides the scatter plot, independently of the order...
我已经将曲面图的颜色从默认更改为“热”颜色图，以区分两个图的颜色 -现在，可以看到曲面图覆盖了散点图，与顺序无关......
EDIT:To fix that issue, it should be used transparency in the colormap of the surface plot; adding the code in: Transparent colormapand changing the line:
编辑：要解决该问题，应在曲面图的颜色图中使用透明度；将代码添加到： 透明颜色图和更改线：
ax.plot_surface(x_surf, y_surf, z_surf, cmap=cm.hot); # plot a 3d surface plot
to
到
ax.plot_surface(x_surf, y_surf, z_surf, cmap=theCM);
we get:
我们得到：
回答by StevilP
Using siluaty's example; instead of using transparency through the cmap=theCM command, you can adjust the alpha value. This may get you what you want?
以 siluaty 为例；您可以调整 alpha 值，而不是通过 cmap=theCM 命令使用透明度。这可能会让你得到你想要的？
ax.plot_surface(x_surf, y_surf, z_surf, cmap=cm.hot, alpha=0.2)
