本教程旨在在CentOS 7 Linux系统上安装和配置MariaDB 10.4. MariaDB是多用户，多线程的SQL数据库服务器。它是MySQL关系数据库管理系统的社区开发分支，其构建具有快速，强大的功能，并具有更多功能。

请按照以下提供的步骤在CentOS 7上安装MariaDB 10.4.

更新系统

确保我们正在运行最新的CentOS 7服务器。

sudo yum  -y update

添加MariaDB 10.4存储库

更新系统后，将MariaDB YUM存储库添加到CentOS 7服务器：

sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo<<EOF 
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.4/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
EOF

更新yum缓存索引：

sudo yum makecache fast

在CentOS 7上安装MariaDB 10.4

使用yum软件包管理器安装MariaDB 10.4.

sudo yum -y install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client

可以从以下位置查看有关已安装软件包的更多详细信息：

$rpm -qi MariaDB-server
Name        : MariaDB-server
Version     : 10.4.6
Release     : 1.el7.centos
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Sun 07 May 2019 10:31:57 AM CESTf
Group       : Applications/Databases
Size        : 130648787
License     : GPLv2
Signature   : DSA/SHA1, Tue 18 Jun 2019 08:13:58 PM CEST, Key ID cbcb082a1bb943db
Source RPM  : MariaDB-server-10.4.6-1.el7.centos.src.rpm
Build Date  : Tue 18 Jun 2019 01:57:58 AM CEST
Build Host  : centos73-amd64
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Vendor      : MariaDB Foundation
URL         : http://mariadb.org
Summary     : MariaDB: a very fast and robust SQL database server
Description :

It is GPL v2 licensed, which means you can use the it free of charge under the
conditions of the GNU General Public License Version 2 (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/).

MariaDB documentation can be found at https://mariadb.com/kb
MariaDB bug reports should be submitted through https://jira.mariadb.org

启动并启用MariaDB服务

sudo systemctl enable --now mariadb

保护MariaDB数据库服务器

现在，CentOS 7上已安装MariaDB 10.4，可以通过运行mysql_secure_installation对其进行保护。

$sudo mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

登录并检查MariaDB版本：

$mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 18
Server version: 10.4.6-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT VERSION();
+----------------+
| VERSION()      |
+----------------+
| 10.4.5-MariaDB |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> QUIT
Bye

我们还可以使用以下方法检查版本：

# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.4.6-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1