Linux 更改用户默认主目录的命令
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Command to change the default home directory of a user
提问by Ibrahim Quraish
I would like to know whether there is any simple shell command to change the user home directory in Linux/Unix (one similar to chshwhich changes the default login shell of an existing valid user) without touching the /etc/passwdfile. Thanks
我想知道是否有任何简单的 shell 命令可以在不触及文件的情况下更改Linux/Unix 中的用户主目录（类似于chsh更改现有有效用户的默认登录 shell）/etc/passwd。谢谢
回答by Maximin
From Linux Change Default User Home Directory While Adding A New User:
Simply open this file using a text editor, type:
vi /etc/default/useraddThe default home directory defined by HOME variable, find line that read as follows:
HOME=/homeReplace with:
HOME=/iscsi/userSave and close the file. Now you can add user using regular useradd command:
# useradd vivek # passwd vivekVerify user information:
# finger vivek
只需使用文本编辑器打开此文件，键入：
vi /etc/default/useradd由 HOME 变量定义的默认主目录，找到如下所示的行：
HOME=/home用。。。来代替：
HOME=/iscsi/user保存并关闭文件。现在您可以使用常规的 useradd 命令添加用户：
# useradd vivek # passwd vivek验证用户信息：
# finger vivek
回答by STW
Ibrahim's comment on the other answer is the correct way to alter an existing user's home directory.
易卜拉欣对另一个答案的评论是更改现有用户主目录的正确方法。
Change the user's home directory:
更改用户的主目录：
usermod -d /newhome/username username
usermodis the command to edit an existing user. -d(abbreviation for --home) will change the user's home directory.
usermod是编辑现有用户的命令。-d（缩写--home）将更改用户的主目录。
Change the user's home directory + Move the contents of the user's current directory:
更改用户的主目录 + 移动用户当前目录的内容：
usermod -m -d /newhome/username username
-m(abbreviation for --move-home) will move the content from the user's current directory to the new directory.
-m（缩写为--move-home）将内容从用户当前目录移动到新目录。
回答by rafaelvalle
In case other readers look for information on the addusercommand.
以防其他读者查找有关该adduser命令的信息。
Edit /etc/adduser.conf
编辑 /etc/adduser.conf
Set DHOMEvariable
设置DHOME变量
回答by Wilken
Found out that this breaks some applications, the better way to do it is
发现这会破坏一些应用程序，更好的方法是
In addition to symlink, on more recent distros and filesystems, as root you can also use bind-mount:
除了符号链接，在最近的发行版和文件系统上，作为 root 您还可以使用绑定挂载：
mkdir /home/username
mount --bind --verbose /extra-home/username /home/username
This is useful for allowing access "through" the /home directory to subdirs via daemons that are otherwise configured to avoid pathing through symlinks (apache, ftpd, etc.).
这对于允许通过守护进程“通过”/home 目录访问子目录很有用，守护进程被配置为避免通过符号链接（apache、ftpd 等）进行路径。
You have to remember (or init script) to bind upon restarts, of course.
当然，您必须记住（或初始化脚本）在重新启动时进行绑定。
An example init script in /etc/fstabis
中的一个示例初始化脚本/etc/fstab是
/extra-home/username /home/username none defaults,bind 0 0
回答by Sukrit Gupta
The accepted answer is faulty, since the contents from the initial user folder are not moved using it. I am going to add another answer to correct it:
接受的答案是错误的，因为初始用户文件夹中的内容没有使用它移动。我将添加另一个答案来纠正它：
sudo usermod -d /newhome/username -m username
You don't need to create the folder with username and this will also move your files from the initial user folder to /newhome/username folder.
您不需要使用用户名创建文件夹，这也会将您的文件从初始用户文件夹移动到 /newhome/username 文件夹。
回答by Ahmed Kay
usermod -m -d /newhome username
usermod -m -d /newhome 用户名
