ruby 本地覆盖 Vagrant 配置设置（每个开发者）
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Override Vagrant configuration settings locally (per-dev)
提问by netmikey
I'd like the question to be answered in general, but to illustrate it, here's a use case:
我希望这个问题得到一般性的回答，但为了说明这一点，这里有一个用例：
I'm using Vagrant for a simple LMAP project. I use standalone Puppet for provisioning. Now, there might be some developers who sit behind a proxy and they would need some additional configuration to be made to the VM. I have things working on the Puppet side: I can pass the proxy IP (if any) as a fact to puppet in the Vagrantfileand Puppet reacts accordingly if it's set.
我正在将 Vagrant 用于一个简单的 LMAP 项目。我使用独立的 Puppet 进行配置。现在，可能有一些开发人员坐在代理后面，他们需要对 VM 进行一些额外的配置。我在 Puppet 方面有一些工作：我可以将代理 IP（如果有）作为一个事实传递给 puppet 中的 puppet，Vagrantfile如果它被设置，Puppet 会做出相应的反应。
The only issue I have is: how can developers specify/override this setting for their development environment without having to change the Vagrantfile(which is under version control and must remain dev-environment-neutral)?
我唯一的问题是：开发人员如何为他们的开发环境指定/覆盖此设置而不必更改Vagrantfile（受版本控制并且必须保持开发环境中立）？
If would be awesome if people could override some Vagrant settings in a file called e.g. Vagrantfile.local, which I would exclude via .gitignore.
如果人们可以覆盖名为 eg 的文件中的某些 Vagrant 设置，那将会很棒Vagrantfile.local，我将通过.gitignore.
Since a Vagrantfile is just Ruby, I tried the following:
由于 Vagrantfile 只是 Ruby，我尝试了以下操作：
# Also load per-dev custom vagrant config
custom_vagrantfile = 'Vagrantfile.local'
load custom_vagrantfile if File.exist?(custom_vagrantfile)
The file inclusion basically works, but it looks like in the included file, I'm not in the same Vagrant context anymore...
文件包含基本上有效，但看起来在包含的文件中，我不再处于同一个 Vagrant 上下文中......
Vagrant::Config.run do |config|
config.vm.provision :puppet do |puppet|
puppet.facter = { "proxy" => "proxy.host:80" }
end
end
... also "resets" all other puppet config values I made in the main Vagrantfile, which makes me think I'm heading in the wrong direction here. I should note that I'm a total noob at Ruby ;)
...还“重置”了我在 mainVagrantfile中创建的所有其他 puppet 配置值，这让我觉得我在这里走错了方向。我应该注意，我对 Ruby 完全是个菜鸟 ;)
Can anyone give me a hint or even a working solution for how per-dev customization could be done here in general?
任何人都可以给我一个提示，甚至是一个可行的解决方案，说明如何在这里完成每个开发者的定制？
采纳答案by Philip Durbin
I would suggest using environment variables to dynamically change the behavior of the Vagrantfilewithout editing the file itself.
我建议使用环境变量来动态更改 的行为，而Vagrantfile无需编辑文件本身。
To give a real world example, here's how you could use an Ubuntu base box by default but have an environment variable define an alternative Linux distribution:
举一个真实世界的例子，这里是你如何在默认情况下使用 Ubuntu 基本框，但有一个环境变量定义一个替代的 Linux 发行版：
if ENV['OPERATINGSYSTEM']
if ENV['OPERATINGSYSTEM'].downcase == 'redhat'
os_name = 'centos'
config.vm.box = 'centos'
config.vm.box_url = 'https://dl.dropbox.com/u/7225008/Vagrant/CentOS-6.3-x86_64-minimal.box'
else
raise(Exception, "undefined operatingsystem: #{ENV['OPERATINGSYSTEM']}")
end
else
os_name = 'precise64'
config.vm.box = 'precise64'
config.vm.box_url = 'http://files.vagrantup.com/precise64.box'
end
This example comes from https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppetlabs-openstack_dev_env
这个例子来自https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppetlabs-openstack_dev_env
回答by
The Vagrantfileis just Ruby, so YAML is another option.
这Vagrantfile只是 Ruby，所以 YAML 是另一种选择。
For example, in the VagrantfileI do this:
例如，在Vagrantfile我这样做：
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
require 'yaml'
settings = YAML.load_file 'vagrant.yml'
db_ip_address = settings['db']['ip_address']
api_ip_address = settings['api']['ip_address']
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "ffuenf/ubuntu-13.10-server-amd64"
config.vm.box_url = "https://vagrantcloud.com/ffuenf/ubuntu-13.10-server-amd64/version/4/provider/virtualbox.box"
config.vm.define "db" do |db|
db.vm.synced_folder settings['db']['artifacts_dir']['host'], settings['db']['artifacts_dir']['guest']
db.vm.network "private_network", ip: db_ip_address
... other stuff ...
end
config.vm.define "api" do |api|
api.vm.synced_folder settings['api']['artifacts_dir']['host'], settings['api']['artifacts_dir']['guest']
api.vm.network "private_network", ip: api_ip_address
api.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: settings['api']['forwarded_port']['guest'], host: settings['api']['forwarded_port']['host']
end
end
Then I have a vagrant.ymlfile (I just made up the name; you can use whatever name you like) for the developer-specific configuration:
然后我有一个vagrant.yml文件（我只是编了个名字；你可以使用任何你喜欢的名字）用于开发人员特定的配置：
db:
ip_address: 192.168.4.14
artifacts_dir:
host: /Users/willie/myapp/db-scripts
guest: /opt/myapp/db
api:
ip_address: 192.168.4.15
forwarded_port:
host: 9080
guest: 8080
artifacts_dir:
host: /Users/willie/myapp/artifacts
guest: /opt/myapp/api
回答by Courtney Miles
If you are prepared to define settings that are applied to all your vagrant boxes it's worth noting that, "Vagrant actually loads a series of Vagrantfiles, merging the settings as it goes." (ref https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/vagrantfile/)
如果您准备定义应用于所有 vagrant 框的设置，值得注意的是，“Vagrant 实际上加载了一系列 Vagrantfiles，并在运行时合并设置。” （参考https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/vagrantfile/）
So I have the following defined in ~/.vagrant.d/Vagrantfileto increase the amount of RAM for my Vagrant boxes:
所以我定义了以下内容~/.vagrant.d/Vagrantfile来增加我的 Vagrant 盒子的 RAM 量：
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.memory = 2048
end
end
回答by Sergio Tulentsev
Here's an idea. It may be "ugly" and "wrong", but, at least, it works :)
这是一个想法。它可能是“丑陋的”和“错误的”，但至少，它有效:)
# file2.rb, this is your per-dev configuration file
puts "included external file which uses outer var: #{foo}"
# file1.rb, this would be your Vagrantfile
puts 'first'
foo = 'bar'
external = File.read 'file2.rb'
eval external
puts 'second'
Let's run that
让我们运行
$ ruby file1.rb
first
included external file which uses outer var: bar
second
Adapting to your example, file2.rb would contain only usage of configwithout defining it (configwill be provided from outer context)
适应你的例子，file2.rb 将只包含使用config而不定义它（config将从外部上下文提供）
config.vm.provision :puppet do |puppet|
puppet.facter = { "proxy" => "proxy.host:80" }
end
And your Vagrant file may look like this:
您的 Vagrant 文件可能如下所示：
Vagrant::Config.run do |config|
external = File.read 'Vagrantfile.local'
eval external
# proceed with general settings here
config.vm.provision :puppet do |puppet|
puppet.facter = { "proxy" => "proxy.host:80" }
end
end
Update (another, "data-driven" approach)
更新（另一种“数据驱动”方法）
# Vagranfile.local
config_values[:puppet][:facter][:proxy] = 'proxy.host:80'
# Vargantfile
Vagrant::Config.run do |config|
config_values = {
puppet: {
facter: {
proxy: nil
},
manifests_file: 'my_manifest.pp'
}
}
external = File.read 'Vagrantfile.local'
eval external # this should overwrite proxy config
# proceed with general settings here
config.vm.provision :puppet do |puppet|
if config_values[:puppet][:facter][:proxy]
puppet.facter = { "proxy" => config_values[:puppet][:facter][:proxy] }
end
puppet.manifests_file = config_values[:puppet][:manifests_file]
end
end
回答by Amr Mostafa
I believe that's the exact use case that Nugrant pluginwas created to solve. It allows each of your devs to have a .vagrantuser(which is a .gitignore-ed file) in YAML specifying custom configuration values then reference these values with ease in Vagrantfile.
我相信这正是Nugrant 插件旨在解决的用例。它允许您的每个开发人员.vagrantuser在 YAML 中有一个（这是一个 .gitignore-ed 文件），指定自定义配置值，然后在 .gitignore 中轻松引用这些值Vagrantfile。
In your case, a proxied developer would have their .vagrantuserfile looking like this:
在您的情况下，代理开发人员的.vagrantuser文件将如下所示：
proxy: 'proxy.host:80'
And your Vagrantfilewould look like this (pseudo code, I don't really know ruby):
你Vagrantfile看起来像这样（伪代码，我真的不知道红宝石）：
Vagrant::Config.run do |config|
config.vm.provision :puppet do |puppet|
if config.user.has_key?('proxy')
puppet.facter = { "proxy" => config.user.proxy }
end
end
end
You should bundle a sample/reference vagrantuser (i.e. vagrantuser.example) file for your devs to copy and adjust to their environment.
您应该捆绑一个示例/参考 vagrantuser（即vagrantuser.example）文件，供您的开发人员复制并适应他们的环境。
回答by Tomas
To extend on @Willie Wheeler 's answer. My setup is:
扩展@Willie Wheeler 的回答。我的设置是：
Root
|-- defaults.yml
|-- env.yml
|-- Vagrantfile
Vagrantfile
流浪档案
# Load local env config
require 'yaml'
dir = File.dirname(File.expand_path(__FILE__))
# defaults
settings = YAML::load_file("#{dir}/defaults.yml")
if File.exist?("#{dir}/env.yml")
env_settings = YAML::load_file("#{dir}/env.yml")
settings.merge!(env_settings)
end
...
# Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
vb.memory = settings["vb"]["memory"]
defaults.yml
默认值.yml
vb:
memory: 1024
env.yml
环境.yml
vb:
memory: 204
This will merge whatever defaults you have with your per-dev config. Also it is clear to developers what values they can actually change
这会将您拥有的任何默认值与您的每个开发配置合并。开发人员也很清楚他们可以实际更改哪些值
回答by Rafa? K?ys
Consider using vagrant-proxyconfplugin. It allows to set proxy for all Vagrant VMs globally.
考虑使用vagrant-proxyconf插件。它允许全局设置所有 Vagrant VM 的代理。
Another solution is to run external shell script during provisioning. I use separate config.vm.provisionsection at the beginning of Vagrantfileto do it:
另一种解决方案是在配置期间运行外部 shell 脚本。我config.vm.provision在开头使用单独的部分Vagrantfile来做到这一点：
# reset: true below is needed to reset the connection to the VM so that new
# environment variables set in /etc/environment will be picked up in next
# provisioning steps
config.vm.provision "shell", reset: true, inline: <<-SHELL
if [ -f /vagrant/Vagrantfile-settings.sh ]
then
/vagrant/Vagrantfile-settings.sh
fi
SHELL
Then just put a Vagrantfile-settings.shfile next to Vagrantfile, add it to .gitignore(or whatever) and put any script inside, for example to set proxy for interactive terminal, all daemons and docker containers:
然后只需在Vagrantfile-settings.sh旁边放置一个文件Vagrantfile，将其添加到.gitignore（或其他）并将任何脚本放入其中，例如为交互式终端、所有守护进程和 docker 容器设置代理：
# Proxy for interactive terminals
echo "http_proxy=http://PROXY_ADDRESS:PROXY_PORT" >> /etc/environment
echo "https_proxy=http://PROXY_ADDRESS:PROXY_PORT" >> /etc/environment
echo "no_proxy=127.0.0.1,localhost" >> /etc/environment
# Proxy for daemons (e.g. Docker deamon - used to pull images, apt - run from default daily cron job)
mkdir /etc/systemd/system.conf.d
echo [Manager] > /etc/systemd/system.conf.d/01-http-proxy.conf
echo "DefaultEnvironment=\"http_proxy=PROXY_ADDRESS:PROXY_PORT\"" >> /etc/systemd/system.conf.d/01-http-proxy.conf
echo "DefaultEnvironment=\"https_proxy=PROXY_ADDRESS:PROXY_PORT\"" >> /etc/systemd/system.conf.d/01-http-proxy.conf
echo "DefaultEnvironment=\"no_proxy=127.0.0.1,localhost\"" >> /etc/systemd/system.conf.d/01-http-proxy.conf
echo "# Docker requires upper-case http proxy environment variables..." >> /etc/systemd/system.conf.d/01-http-proxy.conf
echo "DefaultEnvironment=\"HTTP_PROXY=http://PROXY_ADDRESS:PROXY_PORT2\"" >> /etc/systemd/system.conf.d/01-http-proxy.conf
echo "DefaultEnvironment=\"HTTPS_PROXY=http://PROXY_ADDRESS:PROXY_PORT\"" >> /etc/systemd/system.conf.d/01-http-proxy.conf
echo "DefaultEnvironment=\"NO_PROXY=127.0.0.1,localhost\"" >> /etc/systemd/system.conf.d/01-http-proxy.conf
# Proxy for docker containers started with `docker run`
mkdir /home/vagrant/.docker
cat <<EOF > /home/vagrant/.docker/config.json
{
"proxies": {
"default": {
"httpProxy": "http:/PROXY_ADDRESS:PROXY_PORT",
"httpsProxy": "http://PROXY_ADDRESS:PROXY_PORT",
"noProxy": "127.0.0.1,localhost"
}
}
}
EOF
chown -R vagrant:vagrant /home/vagrant/.docker
回答by kenorb
You can load the settings from YAML file. This is demonstrated in Drupal VMas below:
您可以从 YAML 文件加载设置。这在Drupal VM 中演示如下：
# Use config.yml for basic VM configuration.
require 'yaml'
dir = File.dirname(File.expand_path(__FILE__))
if !File.exist?("#{dir}/config.yml")
raise 'Configuration file not found! Please copy example.config.yml to config.yml and try again.'
end
vconfig = YAML::load_file("#{dir}/config.yml")
So then you can create config.ymllike:
那么你可以config.yml像这样创建：
vagrant_box: geerlingguy/ubuntu1404
vagrant_user: vagrant
vagrant_ip: 192.168.88.88
and in Vagrantfileyou can use variables as:
并且Vagrantfile您可以将变量用作：
config.vm.box = vconfig['vagrant_box']
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: vconfig['vagrant_ip']
