PHP 中的 exec()、shell_exec、system() 和 passthru() 函数有什么不同？
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What is different between exec(), shell_exec, system() and passthru() functions in PHP?
提问by Developer
回答by Patrick Kostjens
execonly returns the last line of the generated output.shell_execreturns the full output of the command, when the command finished running.systemimmediately shows all output, and is used to show text.passthrualso returns output immediately, but is used for binary data.passthrudisplays raw data.
exec只返回生成输出的最后一行。shell_exec当命令完成运行时，返回命令的完整输出。system立即显示所有输出，用于显示文本。passthru也立即返回输出，但用于二进制数据。passthru显示原始数据。
With both execand shell_execit is possible to handle the output yourself, while systemand passthruwon't let you customize it and immediately display the output.
既exec和shell_exec它可以处理自己的输出，而system并passthru不会让你自定义，并立即显示输出。
A more detailed comparison can be found here.
可以在此处找到更详细的比较。
回答by vogomatix
passthru is used for returning binary data instead of ascii. A typical example is where an image manipulation program is returning an image instead of text data.
passthru 用于返回二进制数据而不是 ascii。一个典型的例子是图像处理程序返回图像而不是文本数据。
See PHP - exec() vs system() vs passthru()for more info
有关更多信息，请参阅PHP - exec() vs system() vs passthru()
Also see php shell_exec() vs exec().
