bash 传递带引号的参数时，为什么会出现“/bin/sh: Argument list too long”？
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Why do I get "/bin/sh: Argument list too long" when passing quoted arguments?
提问by Igor Chubin
How long can be a command line that can be passed to sh -c ''? (in bash and in bourne shell)
可以传递给的命令行有多长时间sh -c ''？（在 bash 和 bourne shell 中）
The limit is much lower than that from the OS (in case of modern Linux).
该限制远低于操作系统的限制（在现代 Linux 的情况下）。
For example:
例如：
$ /bin/true $(seq 1 100000)
$ /bin/sh -c "/bin/true $(seq 1 100000)"
bash: /bin/sh: Argument list too long
And how could I circumvent this problem?
我怎样才能规避这个问题？
Update
更新
I want to note that getconfcan't help here (because that is not a system limit):
我想指出这getconf在这里无济于事（因为这不是系统限制）：
$ seq 1 100000 | wc -c
588895
$ getconf ARG_MAX
2097152
Update #2
更新 #2
Now I've understood what is the point here. That is not a shell limit, that is a system limit but for the length of each argument, not for the entire arglist.
现在我明白了这里的意义。这不是 shell 限制，而是系统限制，而是针对每个参数的长度，而不是针对整个 arglist。
$ /bin/true $(seq 1 100000)
$ /bin/true "$(seq 1 100000)"
bash: /bin/true: Argument list too long
Thank you, CodeGnome, for the explanation.
谢谢 CodeGnome 的解释。
采纳答案by Todd A. Jacobs
TL;DR
TL; 博士
A single argument must be shorter than MAX_ARG_STRLEN.
单个参数必须短于 MAX_ARG_STRLEN。
Analysis
分析
According to this link:
根据此链接：
And as additional limit since 2.6.23, one argument must not be longer than MAX_ARG_STRLEN (131072). This might become relevant if you generate a long call like "sh -c 'generated with long arguments'".
作为 2.6.23 以来的额外限制，一个参数不得长于 MAX_ARG_STRLEN (131072)。如果您生成像“sh -c 'generated with long arguments'”这样的长调用，这可能会变得相关。
This is exactly the "problem" identified by the OP. While the number of arguments allowed may be quite large (see getconf ARG_MAX), when you pass a quoted command to /bin/shthe shell interprets the quoted command as a single string. In the OP's example, it is this single string that exceeds the MAX_ARG_STRLEN limit, not the length of the expanded argument list.
这正是 OP 确定的“问题”。虽然允许的参数数量可能非常大（请参阅 参考资料getconf ARG_MAX），但当您将带引号的命令传递给/bin/sh 时，shell 会将带引号的命令解释为单个字符串。在 OP 的示例中，正是这个单个字符串超出了 MAX_ARG_STRLEN 限制，而不是扩展参数列表的长度。
Implementation Specific
具体实现
Argument limits are implementation specific. However, this Linux Journal articlesuggests several ways to work around them, including increasing system limits. This may not be directly applicable to the OP, but it nonetheless useful in the general case.
参数限制是特定于实现的。但是，这篇 Linux Journal 文章提出了几种解决方法，包括增加系统限制。这可能不直接适用于 OP，但它在一般情况下仍然有用。
Do Something Else
做点别的
The OP's issue isn't actually a real problem. The question is imposing an arbitrary constraint that doesn't solve a real-world problem.
OP的问题实际上并不是真正的问题。问题是强加了一个不能解决现实世界问题的任意约束。
You can work around this easily enough by using loops. For example, with Bash 4:
您可以通过使用循环轻松解决此问题。例如，使用 Bash 4：
for i in {1..100000}; do /bin/sh -c "/bin/true $i"; done
works just fine. It will certainly be slow, since you're spawning a process on each pass through the loop, but it certainly gets around the command-line limit you're experiencing.
工作得很好。它肯定会很慢，因为您在每次通过循环时都会生成一个进程，但它肯定会绕过您遇到的命令行限制。
Describe Your Real Problem
描述你真正的问题
If a loop doesn't resolve your issue, please update the question to describe the problem you're actually trying to solve using really long argument lists. Exploring arbitrary line-length limits is an academic exercise, and not on-topic for Stack Overflow.
如果循环不能解决您的问题，请更新问题以使用非常长的参数列表来描述您实际尝试解决的问题。探索任意行长度限制是一项学术练习，而不是 Stack Overflow 的主题。
回答by Paused until further notice.
I don't get that error message. My secret? Single quotes:
我没有收到那个错误信息。我的秘密？单引号：
/bin/sh -c '/bin/true $(seq 1 100000)'
If I use double quotes, I get that error with every shell:
如果我使用双引号，则每个 shell 都会出现该错误：
$ /bin/sh -c "/bin/true $(seq 1 100000)"
-bash: /bin/sh: Argument list too long
$ /bin/bash -c "/bin/true $(seq 1 100000)"
-bash: /bin/bash: Argument list too long
$ /bin/ksh -c "/bin/true $(seq 1 100000)"
-bash: /bin/ksh: Argument list too long
$ /bin/zsh -c "/bin/true $(seq 1 100000)"
-bash: /bin/zsh: Argument list too long
The argument list gets expanded in the current shell when double quotes are used as evidenced by the fact that Bash is the one issuing the error "-bash: ..." regardless of the shell being used to run the command. On my system shis Dash, by the way.
当使用双引号时，参数列表在当前 shell 中得到扩展，事实证明，Bash 是发出错误“-bash: ...”的那个，而不管用于运行命令的 shell。sh顺便说一下，在我的系统上是 Dash。
This holds true even for other "host" shells:
即使对于其他“主机”外壳也是如此：
$ dash
$ /bin/bash -c '/bin/true $(seq 1 100000)'
$ /bin/bash -c "/bin/true $(seq 1 100000)"
dash: /bin/bash: Argument list too long
Patient: Doctor, it hurts when I do this."
Doctor: Don't do that.
病人：医生，我这样做会痛。”
医生：不要那样做。
回答by Nahuel Fouilleul
on my os it's the max length obtained by dichotomy
在我的操作系统上，它是通过二分法获得的最大长度
/bin/sh -c "/bin/true $(perl -e 'print"a"x131061')"
so it gives 131071
所以它给出了 131071
but there is no reason to have a line as long ; if it's due to a large number of arguments, "$@" can be used instead; for example
但没有理由排那么长；如果是由于参数较多，可以用“$@”代替；例如
/bin/sh -c 'command "$@"' -- arg1 arg2 .. argn
回答by dannysauer
Make a file with #!/bin/shas the first line, then the put rest of your command on subsequent lines? :)
创建一个文件#!/bin/sh作为第一行，然后将命令的其余部分放在后续行中？:)
More seriously, you can also read commands from STDIN using the -soption, so you can generate your long command line and pipe it in to /bin/sh -s
更严重的是，您还可以使用该-s选项从 STDIN 读取命令，因此您可以生成长命令行并将其通过管道传输到/bin/sh -s
