bash git bash中文件路径的正斜杠与反斜杠

Forward slash vs backward slash for file path in git bash

提问by Saurav Sahu

I am running these two commands in Git bash.

我在Git bash 中运行这两个命令。

Why they behave differently? Aren't they supposed to do the same thing or am I missing something?

为什么他们的行为不同？他们不应该做同样的事情还是我错过了什么？

git diff > D:\Patches\afterWGComment.txt  

creates file PatchesafterWGComment.txtin D:/

创建文件PatchesafterWGComment.txt中D:/

git diff > D:/Patches/afterWGComment.txt  

correctly creates file afterWGComment.txtin D:/Patches/

正确创建的文件afterWGComment.txt中D:/Patches/

Note that D:/Patches/folder is present before running the above commands.

请注意，D:/Patches/在运行上述命令之前存在文件夹。

回答by Leon

Bash treats backslash as an escape character, meaning that the symbol following it is interpreted literally, and the backslash itself is dropped.

Bash 将反斜杠视为转义字符，这意味着它后面的符号按字面解释，反斜杠本身被删除。

$ echo $HOME
/home/user
$ echo $HOME
$HOME

Under Windows, where backslash serves as a path separator, this causes some inconvenience. Fortunately, inside single quotes a backslash character loses its special meaning and is treated literally (as any other character, except a single quote):

在 Windows 下，反斜杠用作路径分隔符，这会造成一些不便。幸运的是，在单引号内，反斜杠字符失去了它的特殊含义，并按字面处理（与任何其他字符一样，单引号除外）：

$ echo '$HOME'
$HOME

Therefore, if you are going to copy&paste a Windows path into Git bash, put it inside single quotes:

因此，如果您要将 Windows 路径复制并粘贴到 Git bash 中，请将其放在单引号内：

git diff > 'D:\Patches\afterWGComment.txt'

回答by andlrc

Backslash is an escape character used to escape meta characters. This means you need to escape the escape:

反斜杠是用于转义元字符的转义字符。这意味着你需要逃离逃生：

D:\Patches\afterWGComment.txt

Alternative you can put your string in single quotes, which will make all characters literal:

或者，您可以将字符串放在单引号中，这将使所有字符成为文字：

'D\Patches\afterWGComment.txt'

Some meta characters: *, ~, $, !, ...

一些元字符：*, ~, $, !, ...

回答by Pragun

Well the Backslash (\)in Linux generally means a escape character. So in your case the backslash is escaping strings. Try with a cd "D:\Patches\afterWGComment.txt"and you can see the difference.

那么Backslash (\)在 Linux 中通常意味着escape character. 因此，在您的情况下，反斜杠正在转义字符串。尝试使用 a cd "D:\Patches\afterWGComment.txt"，您可以看到不同之处。

回答by Isaac

The back slash has a very long history in Unix (and therefore in Linux) of meanning: quote next character.

反斜杠在 Unix 中（因此在 Linux 中）的含义有很长的历史：引用下一个字符。

There are three ways to quote in the shell (where you type commands):

在 shell 中有三种引用方式（在其中键入命令）：

• The backquote (\)
• Single quotes (')
• Double quotes (")

• 反引号 ( \)
• 单引号 ( ')
• 双引号 ( ")

In the order from stronger to softer. For example, a $is an special character in the shell, this will print the value of a variable:

按照从强到弱的顺序。例如，a$是 shell 中的特殊字符，这将打印变量的值：

$ a=Hello
$ echo $a
Hello

But this will not:

但这不会：

$ echo $a
$a

$ echo '$a'
$a

$ echo "$a"
Hello

In most cases, a backslash will make the next character "not special", and usually will convert to the same character:

在大多数情况下，反斜杠会使下一个字符“不特殊”，并且通常会转换为相同的字符：

$ echo \a
a

Windows decided to use \to mean as the same as the character /means in Unix file paths.
To write a path in any Unix like shell with backslashes, you need to quote them:

Windows 决定使用\与/Unix 文件路径中的字符含义相同的含义。
要在任何类似 Unix 的 shell 中使用反斜杠编写路径，您需要引用它们：

$ echo \
\
$ echo '\'
\
$ echo "\"
\

For the example you present, just quote the path:

对于您提供的示例，只需引用路径：

$ echo "Hello" > D:\Patches\afterWGComment.txt

That will create the file afterWGComment.txtthat contains the word Hello.

这将创建afterWGComment.txt包含单词Hello.

Or:

或者：

$ echo "Hello" > 'D:\Patches\afterWGComment.txt'
$ echo "Hello" > "D:\Patches\afterWGComment.txt"
$ echo "Hello" > "D:/Patches/afterWGComment.txt"

Quoting is not simple, it has adquired a long list of details since the 1660's.

引用并不简单，自 1660 年代以来，它需要一长串详细信息。