Linux 执行命令而不将其保留在历史记录中

Execute command without keeping it in history

提问by Jan Vorcak

I want to execute some commands but don't want to store them in the command history. So that nobody will be able to search it in the .bash_historyfile.

我想执行一些命令但不想将它们存储在命令历史记录中。这样任何人都无法在.bash_history文件中搜索它。

Is there any way how to execute bash commands this way?

有没有办法以这种方式执行bash命令？

采纳答案by u-punkt

Start your command with a space and it won't be included in the history.

以空格开头的命令不会包含在历史记录中。

Be aware that this does require the environment variable $HISTCONTROLto be set.

请注意，这确实需要设置环境变量$HISTCONTROL。

• Check that the following command returns ignorespaceor ignoreboth

  #> echo $HISTCONTROL
  

• To add the environment variable if missing, the following line can be added to the bash profile. E.g. %HOME/.bashrc

  export HISTCONTROL=ignorespace
  

• 检查以下命令是否返回ignorespace或 ignoreboth

  #> echo $HISTCONTROL
  

• 要添加缺少的环境变量，可以将以下行添加到 bash 配置文件中。例如%HOME/.bashrc

  export HISTCONTROL=ignorespace
  

After sourcing the profile again space prefixed commands will not be written to $HISTFILE

再次获取配置文件后，将不会写入以空格为前缀的命令 $HISTFILE

回答by Miquel

In any given Bash session, set the history file to /dev/null by typing:

在任何给定的 Bash 会话中，通过键入以下内容将历史文件设置为 /dev/null：

export HISTFILE=/dev/null

Note that, as pointed out in the comments, this will not write any commands in that session to the history!

请注意，正如评论中所指出的，这不会将该会话中的任何命令写入历史记录！

Just don't mess with your system administrator's hard work, please ;)

请不要打扰您系统管理员的辛勤工作；)

Doodad's solutionis more elegant. Simply unset the variable: unset HISTFILE(thanks!)

Doodad 的解决方案更优雅。只需取消设置变量：（unset HISTFILE谢谢！）

回答by pgl

There are several ways you can achieve this. This sets the size of the history file to 0:

有几种方法可以实现这一点。这将历史文件的大小设置为 0：

export HISTFILESIZE=0

This sets the history file to /dev/null, effectively disabling it:

这/dev/null会将历史文件设置为，从而有效地禁用它：

export HISTFILE=/dev/null

For individual commands, you can prefix the command with a space and it won't be saved in the history file. Note that this requires you have the ignorespacevalue included in the $HISTCONTROLenvironment variable (man bash and search for ignorespacefor more details).

对于单个命令，您可以在命令前加一个空格，它不会保存在历史文件中。请注意，这要求您将ignorespace值包含在$HISTCONTROL环境变量中（man bash 并搜索ignorespace更多详细信息）。

回答by Basile Starynkevitch

You might consider using a shell without history, like perhaps

您可能会考虑使用没有历史记录的外壳，例如

/bin/sh << END
   your commands without history
END

(perhaps /bin/dashor /bin/sashcould be more appropriate than /bin/sh)

（也许/bin/dash或者/bin/sash可能比 更合适/bin/sh）

or even better use the batchutility e.g

甚至更好地使用批处理实用程序，例如

batch << EOB
   your commands
EOB

The history would then contain shor batchwhich is not very meaningful

然后历史将包含sh或batch不是很有意义

回答by Cédric ROYER

You can also use the following command:

您还可以使用以下命令：

echo toto; history -d $(history | sed -n '$s/\s*\([0-9]*\)\s*.*$//p')

I think it's a very portable command.

我认为这是一个非常便携的命令。

回答by cnd

This is handy if you want to erase all the history, including the fact that you erased all the history!

如果您想删除所有历史记录，这很方便，包括您删除了所有历史记录的事实！

rm .bash_history;export HISTFILE=/dev/null;exit

回答by John Doe

echo "discreet";history -d $(history 1)

回答by Rangaraj KS

An extension of @John Doe & @user3270492's answer. But, this seems to work for me.

@John Doe & @user3270492 答案的扩展。但是，这似乎对我有用。

<your_secret_command>; history -d $((HISTCMD-1))

You should not see the entry of the command in your history.

您不应该在历史记录中看到该命令的条目。

Here's the explanation..

这是解释..

The 'history -d' deletes the mentioned entry from the history.

'history -d' 从历史记录中删除提到的条目。

The HISTCMD stores the command_number of the one to be executed next. So, (HISTCMD-1) refers to the last executed command.

HITCMD 存储下一个要执行的命令的编号。因此，(HITCMD-1) 指的是最后执行的命令。

Remove a certain line from Bash history file

从 Bash 历史文件中删除某一行

回答by drkvogel

As mentioned by Doodad in comments, unset HISTFILEdoes this nicely, but in case you also want to also delete some history, do echo $HISTFILEto get the history file location (usually ~/.bash_history), unset HISTFILE, and edit ~/.bash_history(or whatever HISTFILEwas - of course it's now unsetso you can't read it).

正如Doodad 在评论中提到的，unset HISTFILE这样做很好，但如果您还想删除一些历史记录，请执行echo $HISTFILE获取历史记录文件位置（通常~/.bash_history）unset HISTFILE、 和编辑~/.bash_history（或其他任何内容HISTFILE- 当然现在unset这样您就可以了）不读）。

$ echo $HISTFILE       # E.g. ~/.bash_history
$ unset HISTFILE
$ vi ~/.bash_history   # Or your preferred editor

Then you've edited your history, and the fact that you edited it!

然后您编辑了您的历史记录，以及您编辑它的事实！

回答by Christian

You can start your session with

你可以开始你的会话

export HISTFILE=/dev/null ;history -d $(history 1)

then proceed with your sneaky doings. Setting the histfile to /dev/nullwill be logged to the history file, yet this entry will be readily deleted and no traces (at least in the history file) will be shown.

然后继续你的偷偷摸摸的行为。将 histfile 设置为/dev/null将被记录到历史文件中，但此条目将很容易被删除并且不会显示任何痕迹（至少在历史文件中）。

Also, this is non-permanent.

此外，这是非永久性的。