命名 Python 记录器
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Naming Python loggers
提问by S.Lott
In Django, I've got loggers all over the place, currently with hard-coded names.
在 Django 中，我到处都有记录器，目前使用硬编码的名称。
For module-level logging (i.e., in a module of view functions) I have the urge to do this.
对于模块级日志记录（即，在视图函数模块中），我有这样做的冲动。
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
For class-level logging (i.e., in a class __init__method) I have the urge to do this.
对于类级别的日志记录（即，在类__init__方法中），我有这样做的冲动。
self.log = logging.getLogger("%s.%s" % (
self.__module__, self.__class__.__name__))
I'm looking for second opinions before I tackle several dozen occurrences of getLogger("hard.coded.name").
在处理几十个getLogger("hard.coded.name").
Will this work? Anyone else naming their loggers with the same unimaginative ways?
这会奏效吗？还有其他人用同样缺乏想象力的方式命名他们的记录器吗？
Further, should I break down and write a class decorator for this log definition?
此外，我应该为这个日志定义分解并编写一个类装饰器吗？
回答by cdleary
I typically don't use or find a need for class-level loggers, but I keep my modules at a few classes at most. A simple:
我通常不使用或发现需要类级别的记录器，但我最多将我的模块保留在几个类中。一个简单的：
import logging
LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
At the top of the module and subsequent:
在模块顶部及后续：
LOG.info('Spam and eggs are tasty!')
from anywhere in the file typically gets me to where I want to be. This avoids the need for self.logall over the place, which tends to bother me from both a put-it-in-every-class perspective and makes me 5 characters closer to 79 character lines that fit.
从文件中的任何位置通常可以让我到达我想去的地方。这避免了对self.log所有地方的需求，这往往会困扰我从每个班级的角度来看，并使我的 5 个字符更接近 79 个适合的字符行。
You could always use a pseudo-class-decorator:
你总是可以使用伪类装饰器：
>>> import logging
>>> class Foo(object):
... def __init__(self):
... self.log.info('Meh')
...
>>> def logged_class(cls):
... cls.log = logging.getLogger('{0}.{1}'.format(__name__, cls.__name__))
...
>>> logged_class(Foo)
>>> logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
>>> f = Foo()
INFO:__main__.Foo:Meh
回答by Matt Anderson
For class level logging, as an alternative to a pseudo-class decorator, you could use a metaclass to make the logger for you at class creation time...
对于类级别的日志记录，作为伪类装饰器的替代方案，您可以使用元类在类创建时为您制作记录器...
import logging
class Foo(object):
class __metaclass__(type):
def __init__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
type.__init__(name, bases, attrs)
cls.log = logging.getLogger('%s.%s' % (attrs['__module__'], name))
def __init__(self):
self.log.info('here I am, a %s!' % type(self).__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
foo = Foo()
回答by Steve Losh
That looks like it will work, except that selfwon't have a __module__attribute; its class will. The class-level logger call should look like:
看起来它会起作用，只是它self没有__module__属性；它的班级会。类级记录器调用应如下所示：
self.log = logging.getLogger( "%s.%s" % ( self.__class__.__module__, self.__class__.__name__ ) )
