Python 如何使用 lxml 通过文本查找元素？
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How to use lxml to find an element by text?
提问by user1973386
Assume we have the following html:
假设我们有以下 html：
<html>
<body>
<a href="/1234.html">TEXT A</a>
<a href="/3243.html">TEXT B</a>
<a href="/7445.html">TEXT C</a>
<body>
</html>
How do I make it find the element "a", which contains "TEXT A"?
如何让它找到包含“TEXT A”的元素“a”？
So far I've got:
到目前为止，我有：
root = lxml.hmtl.document_fromstring(the_html_above)
e = root.find('.//a')
I've tried:
我试过了：
e = root.find('.//a[@text="TEXT A"]')
but that didn't work, as the "a" tags have no attribute "text".
但这不起作用，因为“a”标签没有“text”属性。
Is there any way I can solve this in a similar fashion to what I've tried?
有什么办法可以以与我尝试过的类似的方式解决这个问题吗？
采纳答案by unutbu
You are very close. Use text()=rather than @text(which indicates an attribute).
你很亲近。使用text()=而不是@text（表示一个属性）。
e = root.xpath('.//a[text()="TEXT A"]')
Or, if you know only that the text contains "TEXT A",
或者，如果您只知道文本包含“TEXT A”，
e = root.xpath('.//a[contains(text(),"TEXT A")]')
Or, if you know only that text starts with "TEXT A",
或者，如果您只知道文本以“TEXT A”开头，
e = root.xpath('.//a[starts-with(text(),"TEXT A")]')
See the docsfor more on the available string functions.
有关可用字符串函数的更多信息，请参阅文档。
For example,
例如，
import lxml.html as LH
text = '''\
<html>
<body>
<a href="/1234.html">TEXT A</a>
<a href="/3243.html">TEXT B</a>
<a href="/7445.html">TEXT C</a>
<body>
</html>'''
root = LH.fromstring(text)
e = root.xpath('.//a[text()="TEXT A"]')
print(e)
yields
产量
[<Element a at 0xb746d2cc>]
回答by ToonAlfrink
Another way that looks more straightforward to me:
另一种对我来说看起来更直接的方法：
results = []
root = lxml.hmtl.fromstring(the_html_above)
for tag in root.iter():
if "TEXT A" in tag.text
results.append(tag)
