C# 无法加载文件或程序集“System.Web.Razor”或其依赖项之一

Could not load file or assembly 'System.Web.Razor' or one of its dependencies

提问by Said Roohullah Allem

I used Umbraco 4.11.6 in my website(web application).My website is worked in localhost(tested from Visual studio 2012 and IIS(v7)) but when I run it from internet space I got an error. The error was:

我在我的网站（Web 应用程序）中使用了 Umbraco 4.11.6。我的网站在 localhost 中运行（从 Visual Studio 2012 和 IIS(v7) 测试），但是当我从 Internet 空间运行它时出现错误。错误是：

Could not load file or assembly 'System.Web.Razor' or one of its dependencies. The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)

无法加载文件或程序集“System.Web.Razor”或其依赖项之一。定位的程序集的清单定义与程序集引用不匹配。（来自 HRESULT 的异常：0x80131040）

Assembly Load Trace: The following information can be helpful to determine why the assembly 'System.Web.Razor' could not be loaded.

WRN:Assembly binding logging is turned OFF. To enable assembly bind failure logging, set the registry value [HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Fusion!EnableLog] (DWORD) to 1. Note: There is some performance penalty associated with assembly bind failure logging. To turn this feature off, remove the registry value [HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Fusion!EnableLog].

程序集加载跟踪：以下信息有助于确定无法加载程序集“System.Web.Razor”的原因。

警告：程序集绑定日志已关闭。要启用程序集绑定失败日志记录，请将注册表值 [HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Fusion!EnableLog] (DWORD) 设置为 1。注意：有一些与程序集绑定失败日志记录相关的性能损失。要关闭此功能，请删除注册表值 [HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Fusion!EnableLog]。

Stack Trace:

堆栈跟踪：

[FileLoadException: Could not load file or assembly 'System.Web.Razor' or one of its dependencies. The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)]

[FileLoadException: Could not load file or assembly 'System.Web.Razor, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35' or one of its dependencies. The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)] System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks) +0
System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoadAssemblyName(AssemblyName assemblyRef, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly reqAssembly, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks) +210
System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean forIntrospection) +242
System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection) +17 System.Reflection.Assembly.Load(String assemblyString) +35
System.Web.Configuration.CompilationSection.LoadAssemblyHelper(String assemblyName, Boolean starDirective) +122

[ConfigurationErrorsException: Could not load file or assembly 'System.Web.Razor, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35' or one of its dependencies. The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)]
System.Web.Configuration.CompilationSection.LoadAssemblyHelper(String assemblyName, Boolean starDirective) [phone]
System.Web.Configuration.CompilationSection.LoadAllAssembliesFromAppDomainBinDirectory() +503 System.Web.Configuration.AssemblyInfo.get_AssemblyInternal() +142 System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetReferencedAssemblies(CompilationSection compConfig) +334
System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CallPreStartInitMethods(String preStartInitListPath) +203
System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.ExecutePreAppStart() +152
System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.Initialize(ApplicationManager appManager, IApplicationHost appHost, IConfigMapPathFactory configMapPathFactory, HostingEnvironmentParameters hostingParameters, PolicyLevel policyLevel, Exception appDomainCreationException) +1151

[HttpException (0x80004005): Could not load file or assembly 'System.Web.Razor, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35' or one of its dependencies. The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)]
System.Web.HttpRuntime.FirstRequestInit(HttpContext context) [phone] System.Web.HttpRuntime.EnsureFirstRequestInit(HttpContext context) +159 System.Web.HttpRuntime.ProcessRequestNotificationPrivate(IIS7WorkerRequest wr, HttpContext context) [phone]

Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:4.0.30319; ASP.NET Version:4.0.30319.17929

[FileLoadException: 无法加载文件或程序集“System.Web.Razor”或其依赖项之一。定位的程序集的清单定义与程序集引用不匹配。（来自 HRESULT 的异常：0x80131040）]

[FileLoadException：无法加载文件或程序集“System.Web.Razor，版本=2.0.0.0，Culture=neutral，PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35”或其依赖项之一。定位的程序集的清单定义与程序集引用不匹配。(HRESULT 异常：0x80131040)] System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean for BooleanIntrospection)
System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoadAssemblyName（的AssemblyName assemblyRef，证据assemblySecurity，RuntimeAssembly reqAssembly，StackCrawlMark＆stackMark，IntPtr的pPrivHostBinder，布尔throwOnFileNotFound，布尔forIntrospection，布尔suppressSecurityChecks）210
System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoad（字符串assemblyString，证据assemblySecurity，StackCrawlMark＆stackMark , IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean for Introspection) +242
System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean for Introspection) +17 System.Reflection.Assembly.Load(String assemblyString) +35
System.Web.Configuration.CompilationSection.LoadAssemblyHelper(String assemblyName, Boolean starDirective) +122

[ConfigurationErrorsException：无法加载文件或程序集“System.Web.Razor，版本=2.0.0.0，Culture=neutral，PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35”或其依赖项之一。定位的程序集的清单定义与程序集引用不匹配。（来自 HRESULT 的异常：0x80131040）]
System.Web.Configuration.CompilationSection.LoadAssemblyHelper（String assemblyName，Boolean starDirective）[phone]
System.Web.Configuration.CompilationSection.LoadAllAssembliesFromAppDomainBinDirectory（）+503 System.Web. +142 System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetReferencedAssemblies(CompilationSection compConfig) +334
System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CallPreStartInitMethods(String preStartInitListPath) +203
System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.ExecutePreAppStart() +152
System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.Initialize(ApplicationManager appManager, IApplicationHost appHost, IConfigMapPathFactory configMapPathFactory, HostingEnvironmentParameters hostingParameters, PolicyLevel policyLevel, Exception appDomainCreationException) +1151

[HttpException (0x80004005): 无法加载文件或程序集 'System.Web.Razor, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35' 或其依赖项之一。定位的程序集的清单定义与程序集引用不匹配。（来自 HRESULT 的异常：0x80131040）]
System.Web.HttpRuntime.FirstRequestInit(HttpContext context) [phone] System.Web.HttpRuntime.EnsureFirstRequestInit(HttpContext context) +159 System.Web.HttpRuntime.ProcessRequestNotificationPrivate(IIS7WorkerRequest wr, Http2Context2260)

版本信息：Microsoft .NET Framework 版本：4.0.30319；ASP.NET 版本：4.0.30319.17929

a part of WebConfig:

WebConfig 的一部分：

<runtime>
<!-- Old asp.net ajax assembly bindings -->
<assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
  <dependentAssembly>
    <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Extensions" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
    <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="4.0.0.0" />
  </dependentAssembly>
  <dependentAssembly>
    <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Extensions.Design" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
    <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="4.0.0.0" />
  </dependentAssembly>
  <dependentAssembly>
    <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
    <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0" />
  </dependentAssembly>
  <dependentAssembly>
    <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages.Razor" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
    <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0" />
  </dependentAssembly>
  <dependentAssembly>
    <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Razor" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
    <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0" />
  </dependentAssembly>
  <dependentAssembly>
    <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
    <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.0.0.0" newVersion="4.0.0.0" />
  </dependentAssembly>
</assemblyBinding>

采纳答案by gavstorey

Quite a few ways to fix this:

解决这个问题的方法有很多：

1. Install MVC on the web server (which is not always possible).

2. In visual studio you can set dlls to copy to local on build, see the following article (please note MVC dlls have changed names slightly but it gives you the process) http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/03/bin-deploy-aspnetmvc.aspx

3. Copy the appropriate dlls from your GAC into the bin folder of the umbraco site. To do this open "%windir%\Microsoft.NET\assembly\GAC_MSIL" in explorer and you will find all of the dlls installed in the GAC and you can copy the appropriate versions into your project. This is similar to the above method but bypasses building the project.

1. 在 Web 服务器上安装 MVC（这并不总是可行的）。

2. 在 Visual Studio 中，您可以将 dll 设置为在构建时复制到本地，请参阅以下文章（请注意 MVC dll 的名称略有更改，但它为您提供了流程） http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/03/ bin-deploy-aspnetmvc.aspx

3. 将适当的 dll 从您的 GAC 复制到 umbraco 站点的 bin 文件夹中。为此，请在资源管理器中打开“%windir%\Microsoft.NET\assembly\GAC_MSIL”，您将找到 GAC 中安装的所有 dll，您可以将适当的版本复制到您的项目中。这类似于上述方法，但绕过了构建项目。

In terms of files you will likely need more than just System.Web.Razor.dll however this will work for all of the missing files.

就文件而言，您可能需要的不仅仅是 System.Web.Razor.dll，但这适用于所有丢失的文件。

回答by Suraj Patel

1. Delete Nuget clear "Temp" folders.
2. Delete Nuget package from project source and then re-install Nuget Package using package manager.
3. Remove bin folder.
4. Clean project & build project.
5. Run project.

1. 删除 Nuget 清除“Temp”文件夹。
2. 从项目源中删除 Nuget 包，然后使用包管理器重新安装 Nuget 包。
3. 删除 bin 文件夹。
4. 清理项目和构建项目。
5. 运行项目。

Done

完毕

回答by ADreNaLiNe-DJ

Non of these solutions helped me : either because i can't install anything on the server either because i prefer not including dlls directly without using Nuget.

这些解决方案都没有帮助我：要么是因为我无法在服务器上安装任何东西，要么是因为我不喜欢在不使用 Nuget 的情况下直接包含 dll。

The solution i used is to install/reinstall the nuget package named Microsoft.AspNet.Razor (Microsoft ASP.Net Razor 2.0.20710)

我使用的解决方案是安装/重新安装名为Microsoft.AspNet.Razor (Microsoft ASP.Net Razor 2.0.20710)的 nuget 包

回答by Shantu

I did not want to install visual studio and development environment, so I have installed AspNetMVC4Setup.exe in Windows server 2016 machine and it solved the problem. The installer was downloaded from Microsoft website.

我不想安装visual studio和开发环境，所以我在Windows server 2016机器上安装了AspNetMVC4Setup.exe，它解决了问题。安装程序是从 Microsoft 网站下载的。

回答by Yasel

Reinstall package Microsoft.AspNet.Razor, like ADreNaLiNe-DJ posted. The best way to do this is using Update-Packagecommand, because The Install-Packagecommand does not provide an option to force a reinstall, see docs.

重新安装包Microsoft.AspNet.Razor，就像 ADreNaLiNe-DJ发布的一样。执行此操作的最佳方法是使用Update-Package命令，因为该Install-Package命令不提供强制重新安装的选项，请参阅docs。

PM> Update-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Razor -reinstall

回答by Bob Horn

The answer, at this link, worked for me:

在此链接上的答案对我有用：

Open the Package Manager Console
Tools > NuGet Package Manager > Package Manager Console
Change the package source to Microsoft and .Net.
Change the project to the one you are debugging.
Run the following command.
Update-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc -Reinstall

打开包管理器控制台
工具 > NuGet 包管理器 > 包管理器控制台
将包源更改为 Microsoft 和 .Net。
将项目更改为您正在调试的项目。
运行以下命令。
更新包 Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc -重新安装