使用 XSD 进行 XML 验证：如何避免关心元素的顺序？
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XML validation with XSD: how to avoid caring about the sequence of the elements?
提问by jcborges
I have following XSD code:
我有以下 XSD 代码：
<xsd:complexType name="questions">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="location" type="location"/>
<xsd:element name="multipleChoiceInput" type="multipleChoiceInput" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
<xsd:element name="textInput" type="textInput" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
<xsd:element name="pictureInput" type="pictureInput" minOccurs="0"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
The problem here is: the elements location, multipleChoiceInput, etc. must appear in the same order they are declared. I don't want this to happen, I want that, in the validation process the sequence should not be relevant. How can I achieve this?
这里的问题是：元素位置、multipleChoiceInput 等必须按照它们声明的顺序出现。我不希望这种情况发生，我希望那样，在验证过程中，序列不应该是相关的。我怎样才能做到这一点？
Another possibility I've tried has been:
我尝试过的另一种可能性是：
<xsd:complexType name="questions">
<xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xsd:element name="location" type="location"/>
<xsd:element name="multipleChoiceInput" type="multipleChoiceInput" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
<xsd:element name="textInput" type="textInput" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
<xsd:element name="pictureInput" type="pictureInput" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
</xsd:choice>
</xsd:complexType>
In this example, the sequence really does not matter anymore, and I can have so much elements as I want (what "all" would not allow me to do). But I still have the Problem with the min- and maxOccurs. In this example, I could have so many "pictureInput"s as possible, what is againt the constraint that I would like to have either 0 or 1.
在这个例子中，顺序真的不再重要了，我可以拥有我想要的元素（“所有”不允许我做的事情）。但我仍然有 min- 和 maxOccurs 的问题。在这个例子中，我可以有尽可能多的“图片输入”，什么是我想要 0 或 1 的约束。
Thanks a lot for helping!
非常感谢您的帮助！
回答by YoK
<xsd:complexType name="questions">
<xsd:all>
<xsd:element name="location" type="location"/>
<xsd:element name="multipleChoiceInput" type="multipleChoiceInput"/>
<xsd:element name="textInput" type="textInput"/>
<xsd:element name="pictureInput" type="pictureInput"/>
</xsd:all>
</xsd:complexType>
NOTE: I have changed "sequence" to "all"
注意：我已将“序列”更改为“全部”
Sequence forces order (as defined). if order doesn't matter then all is used.
顺序强制顺序（如定义）。如果顺序无关紧要，则全部使用。
If there are chances of element occurence more than once then xsd:any can be used.
如果元素出现多次的机会，则可以使用 xsd:any。
<xsd:complexType name="questions">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:any minOccurs="0"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
You can find details of xsd:any at following link:
您可以在以下链接中找到 xsd:any 的详细信息：
回答by CD Jorgensen
I'm a little late to this discussion, but I had the same problem and found the solution:
我对这个讨论有点晚了，但我遇到了同样的问题并找到了解决方案：
<xsd:complexType name="questions">
<xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xsd:element name="location" type="location"/>
<xsd:element name="multipleChoiceInput" type="multipleChoiceInput"/>
<xsd:element name="textInput" type="textInput"/>
<xsd:element name="pictureInput" type="pictureInput"/>
</xsd:choice>
</xsd:complexType>
The key is to combine xs:choice with maxOccurs="unbounded". If you just use xs:all, you are allowed one of each, period.
关键是将 xs:choice 与 maxOccurs="unbounded" 结合起来。如果您只使用 xs:all，则允许您使用每个句点之一。
edited to add: While xs:any will work, it won't limit your choices to the four elements itemized. It will allow anything, which pretty much defeats the purpose of a schema.
编辑添加：虽然 xs:any 可以工作，但它不会将您的选择限制为逐项列出的四个元素。它将允许任何事情，这几乎违背了模式的目的。
回答by gaelicyoda
Also very late to the party here, but would using <xsd:all>in conjunction with minOccursand maxOccursnot work?:
在这里参加聚会也很晚，但是会<xsd:all>与 with 一起使用minOccurs而maxOccurs不是工作吗？：
<xsd:complexType name="questions">
<xsd:all>
<xsd:element name="location" type="location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
<xsd:element name="multipleChoiceInput" type="multipleChoiceInput" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
<xsd:element name="textInput" type="textInput" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
<xsd:element name="pictureInput" type="pictureInput" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
</xsd:all>
</xsd:complexType>
