在C＃中解析html的最佳方法是什么？
时间：2020-03-05 18:51:19 来源:igfitidea点击:
我正在寻找一种库/方法来解析比通用xml解析库具有更多html特定功能的html文件。
解决方案
回答
我们可以使用HTML DTD和通用XML解析库。
回答
解析HTML的麻烦在于这不是一门精确的科学。如果要解析的是XHTML，那么事情会容易得多(正如我们提到的，我们可以使用常规XML解析器)。因为HTML不一定是格式正确的XML，所以在尝试解析它时会遇到很多问题。这几乎需要逐个站点进行。
回答
我们可以使用TidyNet.Tidy将HTML转换为XHTML，然后使用XML解析器。
另一种选择是使用内置引擎mshtml：
using mshtml;
...
object[] oPageText = { html };
HTMLDocument doc = new HTMLDocumentClass();
IHTMLDocument2 doc2 = (IHTMLDocument2)doc;
doc2.write(oPageText);
这使我们可以使用类似JavaScript的函数，例如getElementById()
回答
我认为@Erlend使用HTMLDocument是最好的方法。但是，使用这个简单的库我也很幸运：
SgmlReader
回答
我们可以做很多事情而不必担心第三方产品和mshtml(即互操作)。使用System.Windows.Forms.WebBrowser。从那里，我们可以执行诸如HtmlDocument上的" GetElementById"或者HtmlElements上的" GetElementsByTagName"之类的操作。如果我们想真正与浏览器接口(例如，模拟单击按钮)，则可以使用一点反射(例如，比Interop邪恶一些)来做到这一点：
var wb = new WebBrowser()
...告诉浏览器进行导航(与此问题相切)。然后，在Document_Completed事件上，我们可以像这样模拟点击。
var doc = wb.Browser.Document
var elem = doc.GetElementById(elementId);
object obj = elem.DomElement;
System.Reflection.MethodInfo mi = obj.GetType().GetMethod("click");
mi.Invoke(obj, new object[0]);
我们可以执行类似的反思工作来提交表单等。
享受。
回答
我过去曾使用ZetaHtmlTidy加载随机网站，然后使用xpath打击内容的各个部分(例如/ html / body // p [@ class ='textblock'])。它运行良好，但是有一些例外的站点存在问题，所以我不知道这是否是绝对最佳的解决方案。
回答
HTML敏捷包
This is an agile HTML parser that builds a read/write DOM and supports plain XPATH or XSLT (you actually don't HAVE to understand XPATH nor XSLT to use it, don't worry...). It is a .NET code library that allows you to parse "out of the web" HTML files. The parser is very tolerant with "real world" malformed HTML. The object model is very similar to what proposes System.Xml, but for HTML documents (or streams).
回答
如果我们想提高速度，之前已经提到了Html Agility Pack，我们可能还想看看Majestic-12 HTML解析器。它的处理相当笨拙，但是它提供了非常快的解析体验。
回答
我已经写了一些提供" LINQ to HTML"功能的代码。我以为我会在这里分享。它基于Majestic12. 它采用Majestic-12结果并生成LINQ XML元素。那时，我们可以针对HTML使用所有的LINQ to XML工具。举个例子：
IEnumerable<XNode> auctionNodes = Majestic12ToXml.Majestic12ToXml.ConvertNodesToXml(byteArrayOfAuctionHtml);
foreach (XElement anchorTag in auctionNodes.OfType<XElement>().DescendantsAndSelf("a")) {
if (anchorTag.Attribute("href") == null)
continue;
Console.WriteLine(anchorTag.Attribute("href").Value);
}
我想使用Majestic-12，因为我知道它具有很多内置的关于HTML的内置知识。不过，我发现将Majestic-12结果映射到LINQ将接受的XML格式需要额外的工作。我包含的代码完成了很多此类清理工作，但是当我们使用此代码时，我们会发现被拒绝的页面。我们需要修正代码以解决该问题。引发异常时，请检查exception.Data [" source"]，因为它很可能设置为导致异常的HTML标记。以一种不错的方式处理HTML有时并非易事...
所以现在期望值实际上很低，这是代码:)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Majestic12;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
namespace Majestic12ToXml {
public class Majestic12ToXml {
static public IEnumerable<XNode> ConvertNodesToXml(byte[] htmlAsBytes) {
HTMLparser parser = OpenParser();
parser.Init(htmlAsBytes);
XElement currentNode = new XElement("document");
HTMLchunk m12chunk = null;
int xmlnsAttributeIndex = 0;
string originalHtml = "";
while ((m12chunk = parser.ParseNext()) != null) {
try {
Debug.Assert(!m12chunk.bHashMode); // popular default for Majestic-12 setting
XNode newNode = null;
XElement newNodesParent = null;
switch (m12chunk.oType) {
case HTMLchunkType.OpenTag:
// Tags are added as a child to the current tag,
// except when the new tag implies the closure of
// some number of ancestor tags.
newNode = ParseTagNode(m12chunk, originalHtml, ref xmlnsAttributeIndex);
if (newNode != null) {
currentNode = FindParentOfNewNode(m12chunk, originalHtml, currentNode);
newNodesParent = currentNode;
newNodesParent.Add(newNode);
currentNode = newNode as XElement;
}
break;
case HTMLchunkType.CloseTag:
if (m12chunk.bEndClosure) {
newNode = ParseTagNode(m12chunk, originalHtml, ref xmlnsAttributeIndex);
if (newNode != null) {
currentNode = FindParentOfNewNode(m12chunk, originalHtml, currentNode);
newNodesParent = currentNode;
newNodesParent.Add(newNode);
}
}
else {
XElement nodeToClose = currentNode;
string m12chunkCleanedTag = CleanupTagName(m12chunk.sTag, originalHtml);
while (nodeToClose != null && nodeToClose.Name.LocalName != m12chunkCleanedTag)
nodeToClose = nodeToClose.Parent;
if (nodeToClose != null)
currentNode = nodeToClose.Parent;
Debug.Assert(currentNode != null);
}
break;
case HTMLchunkType.Script:
newNode = new XElement("script", "REMOVED");
newNodesParent = currentNode;
newNodesParent.Add(newNode);
break;
case HTMLchunkType.Comment:
newNodesParent = currentNode;
if (m12chunk.sTag == "!--")
newNode = new XComment(m12chunk.oHTML);
else if (m12chunk.sTag == "![CDATA[")
newNode = new XCData(m12chunk.oHTML);
else
throw new Exception("Unrecognized comment sTag");
newNodesParent.Add(newNode);
break;
case HTMLchunkType.Text:
currentNode.Add(m12chunk.oHTML);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
var wrappedE = new Exception("Error using Majestic12.HTMLChunk, reason: " + e.Message, e);
// the original html is copied for tracing/debugging purposes
originalHtml = new string(htmlAsBytes.Skip(m12chunk.iChunkOffset)
.Take(m12chunk.iChunkLength)
.Select(B => (char)B).ToArray());
wrappedE.Data.Add("source", originalHtml);
throw wrappedE;
}
}
while (currentNode.Parent != null)
currentNode = currentNode.Parent;
return currentNode.Nodes();
}
static XElement FindParentOfNewNode(Majestic12.HTMLchunk m12chunk, string originalHtml, XElement nextPotentialParent) {
string m12chunkCleanedTag = CleanupTagName(m12chunk.sTag, originalHtml);
XElement discoveredParent = null;
// Get a list of all ancestors
List<XElement> ancestors = new List<XElement>();
XElement ancestor = nextPotentialParent;
while (ancestor != null) {
ancestors.Add(ancestor);
ancestor = ancestor.Parent;
}
// Check if the new tag implies a previous tag was closed.
if ("form" == m12chunkCleanedTag) {
discoveredParent = ancestors
.Where(XE => m12chunkCleanedTag == XE.Name)
.Take(1)
.Select(XE => XE.Parent)
.FirstOrDefault();
}
else if ("td" == m12chunkCleanedTag) {
discoveredParent = ancestors
.TakeWhile(XE => "tr" != XE.Name)
.Where(XE => m12chunkCleanedTag == XE.Name)
.Take(1)
.Select(XE => XE.Parent)
.FirstOrDefault();
}
else if ("tr" == m12chunkCleanedTag) {
discoveredParent = ancestors
.TakeWhile(XE => !("table" == XE.Name
|| "thead" == XE.Name
|| "tbody" == XE.Name
|| "tfoot" == XE.Name))
.Where(XE => m12chunkCleanedTag == XE.Name)
.Take(1)
.Select(XE => XE.Parent)
.FirstOrDefault();
}
else if ("thead" == m12chunkCleanedTag
|| "tbody" == m12chunkCleanedTag
|| "tfoot" == m12chunkCleanedTag) {
discoveredParent = ancestors
.TakeWhile(XE => "table" != XE.Name)
.Where(XE => m12chunkCleanedTag == XE.Name)
.Take(1)
.Select(XE => XE.Parent)
.FirstOrDefault();
}
return discoveredParent ?? nextPotentialParent;
}
static string CleanupTagName(string originalName, string originalHtml) {
string tagName = originalName;
tagName = tagName.TrimStart(new char[] { '?' }); // for nodes <?xml >
if (tagName.Contains(':'))
tagName = tagName.Substring(tagName.LastIndexOf(':') + 1);
return tagName;
}
static readonly Regex _startsAsNumeric = new Regex(@"^[0-9]", RegexOptions.Compiled);
static bool TryCleanupAttributeName(string originalName, ref int xmlnsIndex, out string result) {
result = null;
string attributeName = originalName;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(originalName))
return false;
if (_startsAsNumeric.IsMatch(originalName))
return false;
//
// transform xmlns attributes so they don't actually create any XML namespaces
//
if (attributeName.ToLower().Equals("xmlns")) {
attributeName = "xmlns_" + xmlnsIndex.ToString(); ;
xmlnsIndex++;
}
else {
if (attributeName.ToLower().StartsWith("xmlns:")) {
attributeName = "xmlns_" + attributeName.Substring("xmlns:".Length);
}
//
// trim trailing \"
//
attributeName = attributeName.TrimEnd(new char[] { '\"' });
attributeName = attributeName.Replace(":", "_");
}
result = attributeName;
return true;
}
static Regex _weirdTag = new Regex(@"^<!\[.*\]>$"); // matches "<![if !supportEmptyParas]>"
static Regex _aspnetPrecompiled = new Regex(@"^<%.*%>$"); // matches "<%@ ... %>"
static Regex _shortHtmlComment = new Regex(@"^<!-.*->$"); // matches "<!-Extra_Images->"
static XElement ParseTagNode(Majestic12.HTMLchunk m12chunk, string originalHtml, ref int xmlnsIndex) {
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(m12chunk.sTag)) {
if (m12chunk.sParams.Length > 0 && m12chunk.sParams[0].ToLower().Equals("doctype"))
return new XElement("doctype");
if (_weirdTag.IsMatch(originalHtml))
return new XElement("REMOVED_weirdBlockParenthesisTag");
if (_aspnetPrecompiled.IsMatch(originalHtml))
return new XElement("REMOVED_ASPNET_PrecompiledDirective");
if (_shortHtmlComment.IsMatch(originalHtml))
return new XElement("REMOVED_ShortHtmlComment");
// Nodes like "<br <br>" will end up with a m12chunk.sTag==""... We discard these nodes.
return null;
}
string tagName = CleanupTagName(m12chunk.sTag, originalHtml);
XElement result = new XElement(tagName);
List<XAttribute> attributes = new List<XAttribute>();
for (int i = 0; i < m12chunk.iParams; i++) {
if (m12chunk.sParams[i] == "<!--") {
// an HTML comment was embedded within a tag. This comment and its contents
// will be interpreted as attributes by Majestic-12... skip this attributes
for (; i < m12chunk.iParams; i++) {
if (m12chunk.sTag == "--" || m12chunk.sTag == "-->")
break;
}
continue;
}
if (m12chunk.sParams[i] == "?" && string.IsNullOrEmpty(m12chunk.sValues[i]))
continue;
string attributeName = m12chunk.sParams[i];
if (!TryCleanupAttributeName(attributeName, ref xmlnsIndex, out attributeName))
continue;
attributes.Add(new XAttribute(attributeName, m12chunk.sValues[i]));
}
// If attributes are duplicated with different values, we complain.
// If attributes are duplicated with the same value, we remove all but 1.
var duplicatedAttributes = attributes.GroupBy(A => A.Name).Where(G => G.Count() > 1);
foreach (var duplicatedAttribute in duplicatedAttributes) {
if (duplicatedAttribute.GroupBy(DA => DA.Value).Count() > 1)
throw new Exception("Attribute value was given different values");
attributes.RemoveAll(A => A.Name == duplicatedAttribute.Key);
attributes.Add(duplicatedAttribute.First());
}
result.Add(attributes);
return result;
}
static HTMLparser OpenParser() {
HTMLparser oP = new HTMLparser();
// The code+comments in this function are from the Majestic-12 sample documentation.
// ...
// This is optional, but if you want high performance then you may
// want to set chunk hash mode to FALSE. This would result in tag params
// being added to string arrays in HTMLchunk object called sParams and sValues, with number
// of actual params being in iParams. See code below for details.
//
// When TRUE (and its default) tag params will be added to hashtable HTMLchunk (object).oParams
oP.SetChunkHashMode(false);
// if you set this to true then original parsed HTML for given chunk will be kept -
// this will reduce performance somewhat, but may be desireable in some cases where
// reconstruction of HTML may be necessary
oP.bKeepRawHTML = false;
// if set to true (it is false by default), then entities will be decoded: this is essential
// if you want to get strings that contain final representation of the data in HTML, however
// you should be aware that if you want to use such strings into output HTML string then you will
// need to do Entity encoding or same string may fail later
oP.bDecodeEntities = true;
// we have option to keep most entities as is - only replace stuff like
// this is called Mini Entities mode - it is handy when HTML will need
// to be re-created after it was parsed, though in this case really
// entities should not be parsed at all
oP.bDecodeMiniEntities = true;
if (!oP.bDecodeEntities && oP.bDecodeMiniEntities)
oP.InitMiniEntities();
// if set to true, then in case of Comments and SCRIPT tags the data set to oHTML will be
// extracted BETWEEN those tags, rather than include complete RAW HTML that includes tags too
// this only works if auto extraction is enabled
oP.bAutoExtractBetweenTagsOnly = true;
// if true then comments will be extracted automatically
oP.bAutoKeepComments = true;
// if true then scripts will be extracted automatically:
oP.bAutoKeepScripts = true;
// if this option is true then whitespace before start of tag will be compressed to single
// space character in string: " ", if false then full whitespace before tag will be returned (slower)
// you may only want to set it to false if you want exact whitespace between tags, otherwise it is just
// a waste of CPU cycles
oP.bCompressWhiteSpaceBeforeTag = true;
// if true (default) then tags with attributes marked as CLOSED (/ at the end) will be automatically
// forced to be considered as open tags - this is no good for XML parsing, but I keep it for backwards
// compatibility for my stuff as it makes it easier to avoid checking for same tag which is both closed
// or open
oP.bAutoMarkClosedTagsWithParamsAsOpen = false;
return oP;
}
}
}
回答
如果需要查看JS对页面的影响，请使用WatiN [并且已经准备好启动浏览器]
回答
我找到了一个名为Fizzler的项目，该项目采用jQuery / Sizzler方法来选择HTML元素。它基于HTML Agility Pack。它目前处于测试阶段，仅支持CSS选择器的一个子集，但是在讨厌的XPath上使用CSS选择器非常酷，令人耳目一新。
http://code.google.com/p/fizzler/
回答
根据需求，我们可能会选择功能更丰富的库。我尝试了大多数/所有建议的解决方案，但脱颖而出的是Html Agility Pack。这是一个非常宽容和灵活的解析器。
回答
试试这个脚本。
http://www.biterscripting.com/SS_URLs.html
当我将此网址与该网址一起使用时，
script SS_URLs.txt URL("http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56107/what-is-the-best-way-to-parse-html-in-c")
它向我显示了该线程在页面上的所有链接。
http://sstatic.net/so/all.css http://sstatic.net/so/favicon.ico http://sstatic.net/so/apple-touch-icon.png . . .
我们可以修改该脚本以检查图像，变量等。
回答
我编写了一些用于在C＃中解析HTML标记的类。如果它们满足特定需求，那么它们很好并且很简单。
我们可以阅读有关它们的文章，并在http://www.blackbeltcoder.com/Articles/strings/parsing-html-tags-in-c中下载源代码。
在http://www.blackbeltcoder.com/Articles/strings/a-text-parsing-helper-class上也有一篇有关通用解析帮助器类的文章。
