Debian上的Postfix + Courier IMAP + MySQL + SASL + TLS
时间：2020-03-21 11:46:36 来源:igfitidea点击:
在Debian Wheezy上设置Postfix。
准备工作
这些是将用于配置的详细信息：
域：igi.test（mail.igi.test）
MX：mx1.igi.test
电子邮件帐户：Hyman @ theitroad
MySQL数据库：后缀
MySQL用户：邮件
MySQL密码：passwd
如果我们觉得更好，请用example.com替换igi.test。
我们可能想要这样：
# apt-get install vim
MySQL
安装MySQL。
系统将要求我们输入MySQL根密码。
确保记住它。
# apt-get install mysql-client mysql-server
为Postfix创建mysql数据库和用户。
随时更改“ passwd”密码字段：
# cat > ./create.sql << EOF CREATE DATABASE postfix; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON postfix.* TO "mail"@"localhost" IDENTIFIED BY "passwd"; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; EOF
导入：
# mysql -u root -p < ./create.sql
为Postfix创建数据库表：
# cat > postfix-mysql.sql << EOL # Based on http://flurdy.com/docs/postfix/#config-simple-database USE postfix; CREATE TABLE aliases ( pkid smallint(3) NOT NULL auto_increment, mail varchar(120) NOT NULL default '', destination varchar(120) NOT NULL default '', enabled tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1', PRIMARY KEY (pkid), UNIQUE KEY mail (mail) ); CREATE TABLE domains ( pkid smallint(6) NOT NULL auto_increment, domain varchar(120) NOT NULL default '', transport varchar(120) NOT NULL default 'virtual:', enabled tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1', PRIMARY KEY (pkid) ); CREATE TABLE users ( id varchar(128) NOT NULL default '', name varchar(128) NOT NULL default '', uid smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL default '5000', gid smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL default '5000', home varchar(255) NOT NULL default '/var/spool/mail/virtual', maildir varchar(255) NOT NULL default 'blah/', enabled tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1', change_password tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1', clear varchar(128) NOT NULL default 'changemepls', crypt varchar(128) NOT NULL default 'V2VkIE9jdCAyOSAxMzo1MD', quota varchar(255) NOT NULL default '', PRIMARY KEY (id), UNIQUE KEY id (id) ); EOL
# mysql -u mail -p < ./postfix-mysql.sql
启用MySQL日志记录以对Postfix设置进行故障排除。
打开'/etc/mysql/my.cnf'并取消注释：
general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log general_log = 1
重新启动MySQL：
# /etc/init.d/mysql restart
postfix
安装Postfix。
询问时选择互联点。
# apt-get install postfix postfix-mysql
设置用于存储虚拟邮件的文件夹等。
# cp /etc/aliases /etc/postfix/aliases # postalias /etc/postfix/aliases # mkdir /var/spool/mail/virtual # groupadd --system virtual -g 5000 # useradd --system virtual -u 5000 -g 5000 # chown -R virtual:virtual /var/spool/mail/virtual
这是我们当前的Postfix配置的样子：
# cat /etc/postfix/main.cf
myorigin = /etc/mailname
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name
biff = no
relayhost =
inet_interfaces = all
mynetworks_style = host
inet_protocols = ipv4
append_dot_mydomain = no
delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases
# this specifies where the virtual mailbox folders will be located
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual
# this is for the mailbox location for each user
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf
# and this is for aliases
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf
# and this is for domain lookups
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
# Will be using virtual domains
local_recipient_maps =
mydestination =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
# will it be a permanent error or temporary
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450
# how long to keep message on queue before return as failed.
# some have 3 days, I have 16 days as I am backup server for some people
# whom go on holiday with their server switched off.
maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d
# max and min time in seconds between retries if connection failed
minimal_backoff_time = 1000s
maximal_backoff_time = 8000s
# how long to wait when servers connect before receiving rest of data
smtp_helo_timeout = 60s
# how many address can be used in one message.
# effective stopper to mass spammers, accidental copy in whole address list
# but Jan restrict intentional mail shots.
smtpd_recipient_limit = 10
# how many error before back off.
smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3
# how many max errors before blocking it.
smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12
# Requirements for the HELO statement
smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit
# Requirements for the sender details
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit
# Requirements for the connecting server
smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl
# Requirement for the recipient address
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit
smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining
# require proper helo at connections
smtpd_helo_required = yes
# waste spammers time before rejecting them
smtpd_delay_reject = yes
disable_vrfy_command = yes
Postfix的MySQL配置
设置文件以通过数据库访问查找。
# cat > /etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf << EOL user=mail password=passwd dbname=postfix table=users select_field=maildir where_field=id hosts=127.0.0.1 additional_conditions = and enabled = 1 EOL
如何查找电子邮件别名。
# cat > /etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf << EOL user=mail password=passwd dbname=postfix table=aliases select_field=destination where_field=mail hosts=127.0.0.1 additional_conditions = and enabled = 1 EOL
如何查找域。
# cat > /etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf << EOL user=mail password=passwd dbname=postfix table=domains select_field=domain where_field=domain hosts=127.0.0.1 additional_conditions = and enabled = 1 EOL
以下内容阻止世界阅读包含MySQL凭据的Postfix文件。
# chown root:postfix /etc/postfix/mysql_* # chmod 0640 /etc/postfix/mysql_*
将用户添加到MySQL
重要域和用户。
# cat > ./required.sql << EOL
USE postfix;
INSERT INTO domains (domain) VALUES ('localhost'), ('localhost.localdomain');
INSERT INTO aliases (mail,destination) VALUES
('Hyman@theitroad','Hyman@theitroad'),
('Hyman@theitroad','Hyman@theitroad'),
('Hyman@theitroad','Hyman@theitroad'),
('Hyman@theitroad','Hyman@theitroad'),
('Hyman@theitroad','Hyman@theitroad'),
('@localhost','Hyman@theitroad'),
('@localhost.localdomain','@localhost');
INSERT INTO users (id,name,maildir,crypt) VALUES
('Hyman@theitroad','root','root/',encrypt('rootpasswd', CONCAT('$', MD5(RAND()))) );
EOL
导入：
$mysql -u mail -p < ./required.sql
我们需要添加我们的域：
mysql> INSERT INTO domains (domain) VALUES ('igi.test');
和一个电子邮件用户（长行）：
mysql> INSERT INTO users (id,name,maildir,crypt) VALUES ('Hyman@theitroad','igi','igi/',encrypt('passwd', CONCAT('$', MD5(RAND()))) );
删除记录：
mysql> DELETE FROM users WHERE name="igi";
重新启动Postfix。
# service postfix restart
速递IMAP
安装：
# apt-get install courier-base courier-authdaemon courier-authlib-mysql \ courier-imap courier-imap-ssl courier-ssl
打开“/etc/courier/imapd”并更改以下内容：
ADDRESS=0
至
ADDRESS=0.0.0.0
这将使Courier IMAP仅在IPv4上侦听。
“/etc/courier/authdaemonrc”文件的外观如下：
# grep -ve "^#" -ve "^$" /etc/courier/authdaemonrc authmodulelist="authmysql" authmodulelistorig="authuserdb authpam authpgsql authldap authmysql authcustom authpipe" daemons=5 authdaemonvar=/var/run/courier/authdaemon DEBUG_LOGIN=2 DEFAULTOPTIONS="" LOGGEROPTS=""
“/etc/courier/authmysqlrc”文件的外观如下：
# grep -ve "^#" -ve "^$" /etc/courier/authmysqlrc MYSQL_SERVER localhost MYSQL_USERNAME mail MYSQL_PASSWORD passwd MYSQL_PORT 0 MYSQL_OPT 0 MYSQL_DATABASE postfix MYSQL_USER_TABLE users MYSQL_CRYPT_PWFIELD crypt MYSQL_UID_FIELD uid MYSQL_GID_FIELD gid MYSQL_LOGIN_FIELD id MYSQL_HOME_FIELD home MYSQL_NAME_FIELD name MYSQL_MAILDIR_FIELD concat(home,'/',maildir) MYSQL_WHERE_CLAUSE enabled=1
iptables
配置本地防火墙：
# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dport 25,143 -j ACCEPT
测试：第1部分
确保所有服务都重新启动，以防万一。
# /etc/init.d/mysql restart # /etc/init.d/postfix restart # /etc/init.d/courier-authdaemon restart # /etc/init.d/courier-imap restart # /etc/init.d/courier-imap-ssl restart
确保Postfix，CourierIMAP和MySQL服务正在运行
# netstat -nltp | egrep '25|143|3306' tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10970/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:143 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13872/couriertcpd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13116/master
确保设置了MX记录
$dig MX +short igi.test 10 mx1.igi.test.
$dig A +short mx1.igi.test 54.X.Y.Z
确保防火墙允许访问
$nmap -Pn -p T:25,143 mx1.igi.test | grep open 25/tcp open smtp 143/tcp open imap
使用Telnet检查Postfix是否可以接收电子邮件
$telnet igi.test 25 Trying 54.X.Y.Z.. Connected to igi.test. 220 * EHLO igi.test 250-igi.test 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-ETRN 250-XXXXXXXA 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN MAIL FROM: Hyman@theitroad 250 2.1.0 Ok RCPT TO: Hyman@theitroad 250 2.1.5 Ok data 354 End data with . this is a tets email to check postfix installation from telnet . 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 85E663061 quit 221 2.0.0 Bye Connection closed by foreign host.
在服务器上检查新收到的电子邮件：
# ls -l /var/spool/mail/virtual/igi/new/ total 4 -rw------- 1 virtual virtual 338 Dec 1 15:39 1417448343.Vca01I310fM579863.igi.test
如果以上操作失败，请检查日志：
# tail /var/log/mail.log # tail /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
通过IMAP检索电子邮件
我们在这里使用Icedove（在Debian上也称为Thunderbird）。
以下是mail.log的简短摘录，显示了当我们连接Icedove时会发生的情况：
imapd: Connection, ip=[::ffff:1.2.3.X] authdaemond: received auth request, service=imap, authtype=login authdaemond: authmysql: trying this module authdaemond: authmysqllib: connected. Versions: header 50524, client 50540, server 50540 authdaemond: SQL query: SELECT id, crypt, "", uid, gid, home, concat(home,'/',maildir), "", name, "" FROM users WHERE id = 'Hyman@theitroad' AND (enabled=1) authdaemond: password matches successfully authdaemond: authmysql: sysusername=, sysuserid=5000, sysgroupid=5000, homedir=/var/spool/mail/virtual, Hyman@theitroad, fullname=igi, maildir=/var/spool/mail/virtual/igi/, quota=, options= authdaemond: authmysql: clearpasswd=, passwd=b10ed288afd8f90LLQe7/TKgrDbLcQlb8V11NTs28bDGPCU.KoVOWYuz7 authdaemond: Authenticated: sysusername=, sysuserid=5000, sysgroupid=5000, homedir=/var/spool/mail/virtual, Hyman@theitroad, fullname=igi, maildir=/var/spool/mail/virtual/igi/, quota=, options= authdaemond: Authenticated: clearpasswd=passwd, passwd=b10ed288afd8f90LLQe7/TKgrDbLcQlb8V11NTs28bDGPCU.KoVOWYuz7 imapd: LOGIN, Hyman@theitroad, ip=[::ffff:1.2.3.X], port=[17181], protocol=IMAP
从本地主机发送测试电子邮件
$echo "Test" | mail -v -s "Test from Postfix " Hyman@theitroad
安全SMTP
SASL
安装SASL：
# apt-get install libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-sql libgsasl7 \ libauthen-sasl-cyrus-perl sasl2-bin libpam-mysql
启用Postfix来访问SASL文件：
# adduser postfix sasl # mkdir -p /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd
将以下内容添加到'/etc/postfix/main.cf'中：
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = no smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_local_domain = # Add permit_sasl_authenticated to you existing smtpd_sender_restrictions # Add permit_sasl_authenticated to you existing smtpd_recipient_restrictions
这是“/etc/default/saslauthd”文件的样子：
# grep -ve "^#" -ve "^$" /etc/default/saslauthd START=yes DESC="SASL Authentication Daemon" NAME="saslauthd" MECHANISMS="pam" MECH_OPTIONS="" THREADS=5 OPTIONS="-r -c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd"
告诉Postfix如何与SASL进行交互：
# cat > /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf << EOL pwcheck_method: saslauthd mech_list: plain login cram-md5 digest-md5 log_level: 7 allow_plaintext: true auxprop_plugin: sql sql_engine: mysql sql_hostnames: 127.0.0.1 sql_user: mail sql_passwd: passwd sql_database: postfix sql_select: select crypt from users where id='%Hyman@theitroad%r' and enabled = 1 EOL
告诉PAM如何通过MySQL验证SMTP：
# cat > /etc/pam.d/smtp << EOL auth required pam_mysql.so user=mail passwd=passwd host=127.0.0.1 db=postfix table=users usercolumn=id passwdcolumn=crypt crypt=1 account sufficient pam_mysql.so user=mail passwd=passwd host=127.0.0.1 db=postfix table=users usercolumn=id passwdcolumn=crypt crypt=1 EOL
重新启动服务：
# /etc/init.d/saslauthd restart # /etc/init.d/postfix restart
TLS：postfix
创建一个SSL证书：
$cd /etc/postfix $openssl req -new -outform PEM -out postfix.cert -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes \ -keyout postfix.key -keyform PEM -days 1825 -x509
将以下行添加到'/etc/postfix/main.cf'中。
smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/postfix/postfix.cert
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/postfix/postfix.key
# smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
# smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
这是“ /etc/postfix/main.cf”文件的样子：
# grep -ve "^#" -ve "^$" /etc/postfix/main.cf myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myorigin ESMTP $mail_name biff = no relayhost = inet_interfaces = all mynetworks_style = host inet_protocols = ipv4 append_dot_mydomain = no delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no smtp_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_security_level = may smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/postfix/postfix.cert smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/postfix/postfix.key alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 local_recipient_maps = mydestination = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 message_size_limit = 2097152 mailbox_size_limit = 1073741824 recipient_delimiter = + unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d minimal_backoff_time = 1000s maximal_backoff_time = 8000s smtp_helo_timeout = 60s smtpd_recipient_limit = 10 smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject, reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, warn_if_reject, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, permit smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_delay_reject = yes disable_vrfy_command = yes smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = no smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_local_domain =
这是“ /etc/postfix/master.cf”文件的样子：
# grep -ve "^#" -ve "^$" /etc/postfix/master.cf
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
submission inet n - n - - smtpd
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination,reject
-o smtpd_sasl_security_options=noanonymous,noplaintext
-o smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options=noanonymous
smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o smtpd_sasl_security_options=noanonymous,noplaintext
-o smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options=noanonymous
pickup unix n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
relay unix - - - - - smtp
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
重新启动后缀：
# service postfix restart
TLS：Courier IMAP
创建一个SSL证书：
# cd /etc/courier $openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout imapd.pem \ -out imapd.pem -nodes -days 1825
这是“/etc/courier/imapd-ssl”的样子：
# grep -ve "^#" -ve "^$" /etc/courier/imapd-ssl SSLPORT=993 SSLADDRESS=0.0.0.0 SSLPIDFILE=/var/run/courier/imapd-ssl.pid SSLLOGGEROPTS="-name=imapd-ssl" IMAPDSSLSTART=YES IMAPDSTARTTLS=YES IMAP_TLS_REQUIRED=1 COURIERTLS=/usr/bin/couriertls TLS_KX_LIST=ALL TLS_COMPRESSION=ALL TLS_CERTS=X509 TLS_CERTFILE=/etc/courier/imapd.pem TLS_TRUSTCERTS=/etc/ssl/certs TLS_VERIFYPEER=NONE TLS_CACHEFILE=/var/lib/courier/couriersslcache TLS_CACHESIZE=524288 MAILDIRPATH=Maildir
重新启动服务：
# service courier-imap-ssl restart
iptables
配置本地防火墙以允许通过加密通道：
# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dport 587,465,993 -j ACCEPT
测试：第2部分
# /etc/init.d/mysql restart # /etc/init.d/postfix restart # /etc/init.d/courier-authdaemon restart # /etc/init.d/courier-imap restart # /etc/init.d/courier-imap-ssl restart # /etc/init.d/saslauthd restart
# netstat -nltp | egrep '25|587|465|143|993|3306' tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 18177/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:587 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 20534/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:143 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17434/couriertcpd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:465 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 20534/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 20534/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:993 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 20710/couriertcpd
# nmap -Pn -p T:25,143,587,465,993 mx1.igi.test | grep open 25/tcp open smtp 143/tcp open imap 465/tcp open smtps 587/tcp open submission 993/tcp open imaps
可能会派上用场的外部工具：
- http://mxtoolbox.com/SuperTool.aspx
- http://www.checktls.com/perl/TestReceiver.pl
当一切（最终）工作时
禁用“ /etc/mysql/my.cnf”登录并重启MySQL服务：
# service mysql restart
禁用“/etc/courier/authdaemonrc”登录并重新启动服务：
# service courier-authdaemon restart
故障排除
如果我们在'/var/log/mail.log'中看到此内容：
postfix/smtpd[10104]: warning: SASL authentication failure: cannot connect to saslauthd server: No such file or directory
我们可能需要执行以下操作：
# rm /var/run/saslauthd/-rf # ln -sf /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd /var/run # /etc/init.d/saslauthd restart
ThunderBird电子邮件客户端设置
IMAPS：
- 服务器名称：mail.igi.test
- 端口：993
- 连接安全性：SSL/TLS
- 验证方式：普通密码
（SMTPS）：
- 服务器名称：mail.igi.test
- 端口：465
- 连接安全性：SSL/TLS
- 验证方法：普通密码
