Linux 使用 ssh 检查远程主机上是否存在文件
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check if file exists on remote host with ssh
提问by stdcerr
I would like to check if a certain file exists on the remote host. I tried this:
我想检查远程主机上是否存在某个文件。我试过这个：
$ if [ ssh user@localhost -p 19999 -e /home/user/Dropbox/path/Research_and_Development/Puffer_and_Traps/Repeaters_Network/UBC_LOGS/log1349544129.tar.bz2 ] then echo "okidoke"; else "not okay!" fi
-sh: syntax error: unexpected "else" (expecting "then")
采纳答案by Florin Stingaciu
Here is a simple approach:
这是一个简单的方法：
#!/bin/bash
USE_IP='-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no [email protected]'
FILE_NAME=/home/user/file.txt
SSH_PASS='sshpass -p password-for-remote-machine'
if $SSH_PASS ssh $USE_IP stat $FILE_NAME \> /dev/null 2\>\&1
then
echo "File exists"
else
echo "File does not exist"
fi
You need to install sshpasson your machine to work it.
您需要在您的机器上安装sshpass才能使用它。
回答by Mat
You're missing ;s. The general syntax if you put it all in one line would be:
你缺少;s。如果将所有内容放在一行中，则一般语法是：
if thing ; then ... ; else ... ; fi
The thingcan be pretty much anything that returns an exit code. The thenbranch is taken if that thingreturns 0, the elsebranch otherwise.
该thing可几乎任何返回退出代码。该then如果分支被采用thing返回0，该else分支除外。
[isn't syntax, it's the testprogram (check out ls /bin/[, it actually exists, man testfor the docs – although can also have a built-in version with different/additional features.) which is used to test various common conditions on files and variables. (Note that [[on the other hand issyntax and is handled by your shell, if it supports it).
[不是语法，而是test程序（检查ls /bin/[，它实际上存在，man test对于文档 - 尽管也可以具有具有不同/附加功能的内置版本。）用于测试文件和变量的各种常见条件。（请注意，[[另一方面是语法并由您的 shell 处理，如果它支持的话）。
For your case, you don't want to use testdirectly, you want to test something on the remote host. So try something like:
对于您的情况，您不想test直接使用，而是想在远程主机上测试某些内容。所以尝试这样的事情：
if ssh user@host test -e "$file" ; then ... ; else ... ; fi
回答by JP Lew
In addition to the answers above, there's the shorthand way to do it:
除了上面的答案之外，还有一种速记方法：
ssh -q $HOST [[ -f $FILE_PATH ]] && echo "File exists" || echo "File does not exist";
-qis quiet mode, it will suppress warnings and messages.
-q是安静模式，它将抑制警告和消息。
As @Mat mentioned, one advantage of testing like this is that you can easily swap out the -ffor any test operator you like: -nt, -d, -setc...
作为@Mat提到，测试这样的一个好处是，你可以很容易地换出-f任何测试操作你喜欢：-nt，-d，-s等...
Test Operators:http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/fto.html
测试运营商：http : //tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/fto.html
回答by None
ssh -q $HOST [[ -f $FILE_PATH ]] && echo "File exists"
The above will run the echo command on the machine you're running the ssh command from. To get the remote server to run the command:
以上将在您运行 ssh 命令的机器上运行 echo 命令。要让远程服务器运行命令：
ssh -q $HOST "[[ ! -f $FILE_PATH ]] && touch $FILE_PATH"
回答by tarok
You can specify the shell to be used by the remote host locally.
您可以在本地指定远程主机要使用的 shell。
echo 'echo "Bash version: ${BASH_VERSION}"' | ssh -q localhost bash
And be careful to (single-)quote the variables you wish to be expanded by the remote host; otherwise variable expansion will be done by your local shell!
并小心（单）引用您希望由远程主机扩展的变量；否则变量扩展将由您的本地 shell 完成！
# example for local / remote variable expansion
{
echo "[[ $- == *i* ]] && echo 'Interactive' || echo 'Not interactive'" |
ssh -q localhost bash
echo '[[ $- == *i* ]] && echo "Interactive" || echo "Not interactive"' |
ssh -q localhost bash
}
So, to check if a certain file exists on the remote host you can do the following:
因此，要检查远程主机上是否存在某个文件，您可以执行以下操作：
host='localhost' # localhost as test case
file='~/.bash_history'
if `echo 'test -f '"${file}"' && exit 0 || exit 1' | ssh -q "${host}" sh`; then
#if `echo '[[ -f '"${file}"' ]] && exit 0 || exit 1' | ssh -q "${host}" bash`; then
echo exists
else
echo does not exist
fi
回答by karni
Can't get much simpler than this :)
没有比这更简单的了:)
ssh host "test -e /path/to/file"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
# your file exists
fi
As suggested by dimo414, this can be collapsed to:
按照 dimo414 的建议，这可以折叠为：
if ssh host "test -e /path/to/file"; then
# your file exists
fi
回答by estani
one line, proper quoting
一行，正确引用
ssh remote_host test -f "/path/to/file" && echo found || echo not found
回答by miguialberto
I wanted also to check if a remote file exist but with RSH. I have tried the previous solutions but they didn't work with RSH.
我还想检查远程文件是否存在但带有 RSH。我已经尝试过以前的解决方案，但它们不适用于 RSH。
Finally, I did I short function which works fine:
最后，我做了我的简短功能，效果很好：
function existRemoteFile ()
{
REMOTE=
FILE=
RESULT=$(rsh -l user $REMOTE "test -e $FILE && echo \"0\" || echo \"1\"")
if [ $RESULT -eq 0 ]
then
return 0
else
return 1
fi
}
回答by Abhimanu Kumar
On CentOS machine, the oneliner bash that worked for me was:
在 CentOS 机器上，对我有用的 oneliner bash 是：
if ssh <servername> "stat <filename> > /dev/null 2>&1"; then echo "file exists"; else echo "file doesnt exits"; fi
It needed I/O redirection (as the top answer) as well as quotes around the command to be run on remote.
它需要 I/O 重定向（作为最佳答案）以及要在远程运行的命令周围的引号。
回答by rouble
Test if a file exists:
测试文件是否存在：
HOST="example.com"
FILE="/path/to/file"
if ssh $HOST "test -e $FILE"; then
echo "File exists."
else
echo "File does not exist."
fi
And the opposite, test if a file does not exist:
相反，测试文件是否不存在：
HOST="example.com"
FILE="/path/to/file"
if ! ssh $HOST "test -e $FILE"; then
echo "File does not exist."
else
echo "File exists."
fi
