Linux 这是在 Python 中运行 shell 脚本的正确方法吗？
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Is this the right way to run a shell script inside Python?
提问by TIMEX
import subprocess
retcode = subprocess.call(["/home/myuser/go.sh", "abc.txt", "xyz.txt"])
When I run these 2 lines, will I be doing exactly this?:
当我运行这两行时，我会这样做吗？：
/home/myuser/go.sh abc.txt xyz.txt
Why do I get this error? But when I run go.sh normally, I don't get that error.
为什么我会收到这个错误？但是当我正常运行 go.sh 时，我没有收到那个错误。
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/subprocess.py", line 480, in call
return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/subprocess.py", line 633, in __init__
errread, errwrite)
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/subprocess.py", line 1139, in _execute_child
raise child_exception
OSError: [Errno 8] Exec format error
回答by Adam Rosenfield
Yes, that's perfectly fine if all you're doing is calling the shell script, waiting for it to complete, and gathering its exit status, while letting its stdin, stdout, and stderr be inherited from your Python process. If you need more control over any of those factors, then you just use the more general subprocess.Popen, but otherwise what you have is fine.
是的，如果您所做的只是调用 shell 脚本、等待它完成并收集其退出状态，同时让其 stdin、stdout 和 stderr 继承自 Python 进程，那这完全没问题。如果您需要对这些因素中的任何一个进行更多控制，那么您只需使用更通用的subprocess.Popen，否则您拥有的就可以了。
回答by ThiefMaster
Yes, this is the preferred way to execute something..
是的，这是执行某事的首选方式..
Since you are passing all arguments through an array (which will be used gor an exec()-style call internally) and not as an argument string evaluated by a shell it's also very secure as injection of shell commands is impossible.
由于您通过数组传递所有参数（它将在内部用于 exec() 样式的调用）而不是作为由 shell 评估的参数字符串，因此它也非常安全，因为注入 shell 命令是不可能的。
回答by Johnsyweb
OSError: [Errno 8] Exec format error
OSError: [Errno 8] Exec 格式错误
This is an error reported by the operating system when trying to run /home/myuser/go.sh.
这是操作系统在尝试运行时报告的错误/home/myuser/go.sh。
It looks to me like the shebang (#!) line of go.shis not valid.
在我看来，shebang ( #!) 行go.sh是无效的。
Here's a sample script that runs from the shell but not from Popen:
这是一个从 shell 运行但不是从 的示例脚本Popen：
#\!/bin/sh
echo "You've just called retcode = subprocess.call(["/home/myuser/go.sh", "abc.txt", "xyz.txt"], shell=True,)
$@."
Removing the \from the first line fixes the problem.
\从第一行删除可以解决问题。
回答by jbp
Change the code to following:
将代码更改为以下内容：
% cat /tmp/test.sh
<-- Note the empty line
#!/bin/sh
mkdir /tmp/example
Notice "shell=True"
注意“shell=True”
From: http://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess
来自：http: //docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess
On Unix, with shell=True: If args is a string, it specifies the command string to execute through the shell. This means that the string must be formatted exactly as it would be when typed at the shell prompt.
在 Unix 上，shell=True：如果 args 是字符串，则指定要通过 shell 执行的命令字符串。这意味着字符串的格式必须与在 shell 提示符下键入时完全相同。
回答by George
I just got this error on Mac OS, while trying to call a one-line script using subprocess.call. The script ran fine when called from the command line. After adding the shebang line #!/usr/bin/env sh, it also ran fine via subprocess.call.
我刚刚在 Mac OS 上遇到此错误，同时尝试使用subprocess.call. 从命令行调用时，脚本运行良好。添加 shebang 行后#!/usr/bin/env sh，它也通过subprocess.call.
It appears, while the shell has a default executor for text files marked executable, subprocess.Popendoes not.
看起来，虽然外壳具有标记为可执行的文本文件的默认执行程序，subprocess.Popen但没有。
回答by unutbu
I recently ran into this problem with a script that looked like this:
我最近用一个看起来像这样的脚本遇到了这个问题：
OSError: [Errno 8] Exec format error
The script ran fine from the command line, but failed with
该脚本从命令行运行良好，但失败了
subprocess.Popen(['/tmp/test.sh']).communicate()
when executed via
通过执行时
In :call??
Signature: call(*popenargs, **kwargs)
Source:
def call(*popenargs, **kwargs):
"""Run command with arguments. Wait for command to complete, then
return the returncode attribute.
The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor. Example:
retcode = call(["ls", "-l"])
"""
return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
File: /usr/lib64/python2.7/subprocess.py
Type: function
(The solution, of course, was to remove the empty line).
（当然，解决方案是删除空行）。
回答by u6089746
call just invoke Popen,use wait() method wait the popenargs completes
调用只是调用 Popen，使用 wait() 方法等待 popenargs 完成
